Act of the Union of Lublin from 1569The Union of Lublin, a painting by Marcello Bacciarelli. Two knights hold entangled banners with the coats of arms of both states. A ribbon flutters over them with the inscription: IN COMMVNE BONVM - [COMPL]EXV SOCIATA PERENNI ("For the common good - united forever").The Union of Lublin, a painting by Jan Matejko. King Sigismund II Augustus holds the cross at the centre while surrounded by statesmen, diplomats, the clergy and nobles.
The Union of Lublin (Polish: Unia lubelska; Lithuanian: Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the personal union of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a real union and an elective monarchy, as Sigismund II Augustus, the last of the Jagiellons, remained childless after three marriages. In addition, the autonomy of Royal Prussia was largely abandoned. The Duchy of Livonia, tied to Lithuania in real union since the Union of Grodno (1566), became a Polish–Lithuanian condominium.[1]
The Commonwealth was ruled by a single elected monarch who carried out the duties of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and governed with a common Senate and parliament (the Sejm). The Union is seen by some as an evolutionary stage in the Polish–Lithuanian alliance and personal union, necessitated also by Lithuania's dangerous position in wars with Russia.[2][3][4]
^Dybaś, Bogusław (2006). "Livland und Polen-Litauen nach dem Frieden von Oliva (1660)". In Willoweit, Dietmar; Lemberg, Hans (eds.). Reiche und Territorien in Ostmitteleuropa. Historische Beziehungen und politische Herrschaftslegitimation. Völker, Staaten und Kulturen in Ostmitteleuropa (in German). Vol. 2. Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 51–72, 109. ISBN 3-486-57839-1.
^Dvornik, Francis, The Slavs in European History and Civilization, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 0-8135-0799-5, Google Print, p.254
^Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925339-0, Google Print, p.50
^W. H. Zawadzki, A Man of Honour: Adam Czartoryski as a Statesman of Russia and Poland, 1795–1831, Oxford University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-19-820303-9, Google Print, p.1
The UnionofLublin (Polish: Unia lubelska; Lithuanian: Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian...
privilege of free trade in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Lublin Parliament session of 1569 led to the creation of a real union between the Crown of the...
into the European Union and NATO. The Lublin Triangle initiative invokes the integrative heritage of the 1569 UnionofLublin. The Lublin Triangle countries...
Jagiełło took place. The UnionofLublin created the single state of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth on July 1, 1569 with a real union between the Crown and...
Poczta Polska. In 1569 he oversaw the signing of the UnionofLublin between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which formed the Polish–Lithuanian...
UnionofLublin Mound (Ukrainian: Копець Люблінської унії; Polish: Kopiec Unii Lubelskiej) is an artificial hill, 29 m high, in Lviv, modern day Ukraine...
unsuccessful wars with the Grand Duchy of Moscow forced the union to remain intact. Eventually, the UnionofLublinof 1569 created a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian...
this way ignoring the stipulations of the Union ofLublin. Nevertheless, per UnionofLublin the rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were elected...
dynastic union with Poland through the Union of Krewo. Later, the UnionofLublin (1569) created the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the Second...
continued until the UnionofLublin under Sigismund II Augustus, which unofficially marked the end of the Polish Golden Age. After the death of the last Jagiellonian...
During the preparation of the documents of the UnionofLublin (1569), he persistently defended the state interests of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and led...
to the UnionofLublin (1569), an ultimate fulfillment of the union with Lithuania. This agreement transferred Ukraine from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania...
The Lublin Castle (Polish: Zamek Lubelski) is a medieval castle in Lublin, Poland, adjacent to the Old Town district and close to the city center. It...
unconstitutional, particularly since the UnionofLublin stipulated that no law could conflict with the law of the Union. The statute, however, in turn, declared...
merge into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth following the Unionof Krewo and UnionofLublin. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Empire emerged as a major regional...
around the city to Minsk. In 1569 after the UnionofLublin the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland merged into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth...
Kingdom of Poland and, after the UnionofLublin (1569), in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Under that system, all nobles (szlachta), regardless of rank...
Lithuanians. With the UnionofLublin Lithuanian Grand Duchy lost large part of lands to the Polish Crown (see demographics of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth)...
personal union until the UnionofLublinof 1569. After death of John I Albert, King of Poland, his brother Alexander Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania...
participate in the Seimas before. Seimas of the Grand Dutchy was abolished in 1569, with the UnionofLublin. The Union created a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian...
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