For other uses, see Underground culture (disambiguation).
Girls dressed in punk fashion (2011)
Underground culture, or simply underground, is a term to describe various alternative cultures which either consider themselves different from the mainstream of society and culture, or are considered so by others. The word "underground" is used because there is a history of resistance movements under harsh regimes where the term underground was employed to refer to the necessary secrecy of the resisters.
For example, the Underground Railroad was a network of clandestine routes by which African slaves in the 19th-century United States attempted to escape to freedom. The phrase "underground railroad" was resurrected and applied in the 1960s to the extensive network of draft counseling groups and houses used to help Vietnam War-era draft dodgers escape to Canada,[1] and was also applied in the 1970s to the clandestine movement of people and goods by the American Indian Movement in and out of occupied Native American reservation lands. (See also: Wounded Knee incident).[2]
The filmmaker Rosa von Praunheim documented the legendary New York underground scene in the 1970s around Andy Warhol in some of his films, for example in Underground and Emigrants (1976) and Tally Brown, New York (1979). Since then, the term has come to designate various subcultures such as mod culture, hippie culture, punk culture, techno music/rave culture, and underground hip hop.
^"1960s Draft Dodger Group -- Toronto Anti-Draft Programme". www.radicalmiddle.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-25. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
^"AIM - American Indian Movement Store". www.aimovement.org. Archived from the original on 2019-12-06. Retrieved 2005-08-22.
and 26 Related for: Underground culture information
Undergroundculture, or simply underground, is a term to describe various alternative cultures which either consider themselves different from the mainstream...
Underground music is music with practices perceived as outside, or somehow opposed to, mainstream popular music culture. Underground music is intimately...
Underground hip-hop (also commonly known as indie hip-hop or underground rap) is an umbrella term for hip hop music that is outside the general commercial...
The cassette culture (also known as the tape/cassette scene or cassette underground) refers to the practices associated with amateur production and distribution...
Look up Underground or underground in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Underground most commonly refers to: Subterranea (geography), the regions beneath...
critics." However, as in "Underground Press", the term developed as a metaphorical reference to a clandestine and subversive culture beneath the legitimate...
distributed primarily though head shops. Underground comix often featured covers intended to appeal to the drug culture, and imitated LSD-inspired posters to...
The British counter-culture or underground scene developed during the mid 1960s, and was linked to the hippie subculture of the United States. Its primary...
Internet culture is a quasi-undergroundculture developed and maintained among frequent and active users of the Internet (netizens or digital citizens)...
Prague underground may refer to: Prague underground (culture), an undergroundculture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during...
counterculture Turn on, tune in, drop out Underground (British subculture) Ukrainian undergroundUndergroundculture User revolt "counterculture", Merriam-Webster's...
A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or series of transactions that has some aspect of illegality or is not...
T-Mobile utilized the Liverpool street underground station to host a flashmob to sell their mobile services. Culture jamming is a form of disruption that...
topics, from daily personal problems to sports, ramen, otaku and undergroundculture. Futaba Channel was set up on August 30, 2001, as a refuge for 2channel...
a few bars paid the fee and others closed, most establishments went underground. By 1890, Pittsburgh had about 700 speakeasies but only 92 licensed liquor...
Popular CultureUndergroundculture – various alternative culturesPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Lowbrow – Underground visual art...
shoot using empty cans and bottles as targets (with some cases using underground shooting ranges), most gangsters have no formal instructions in firearms...
Banana Fish, a manga series by Akimi Yoshida Bananafish Magazine, an undergroundculture magazine "Bananafishbones", a song by The Cure from The Top "Bananafish...
molded by George du Maurier's romanticized best-selling novel of Bohemian culture Trilby (1894). The novel outlines the fortunes of three expatriate English...
Australian street culture". 7NEWS. 30 April 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2024. Cross, Julie (29 January 2021). "Parents fear rise of eshay culture on northern...
Polish culture persisted in underground education, publications, even theater. The Polish Underground State created a Department of Education and Culture (under...
online digital collection. Literary modernism Proletarian literature Undergroundculture Ero guro Edogawa Ranpo Samizdat "「エロ-グロ-ナンセンス」". 『日本国語大辞典』第2版。....
known that the Jamaican dancehall culture has had and continues to have a significant impact on the American hip hop culture. DJ turntablism has origins in...
century Undergroundculture – various alternative culturesPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback The Rebel Sell: Why the Culture Can't be...
The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts...