Tylosaurus nepaeolicus mounted skeleton in the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center in Woodland Park, Colorado
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Squamata
Clade:
†Mosasauria
Family:
†Mosasauridae
Clade:
†Russellosaurina
Subfamily:
†Tylosaurinae Williston, 1895[1]
Genera
Taniwhasaurus
Tylosaurus
Kaikaifilu?
Hainosaurus?
The Tylosaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs,[2] a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates. Members of the subfamily are informally and collectively known as "tylosaurines" and have been recovered from every continent except for South America.[3] The subfamily includes the genera Tylosaurus, Taniwhasaurus, and Kaikaifilu, although some scientists argue that only Tylosaurus and Taniwhasaurus should be included.[4][5]
Tylosaurines first appeared in the Coniacian[6] and gave rise to some of the largest mosasaurs within the genera Tylosaurus and Hainosaurus which came to dominate as apex predators in marine ecosystems throughout the Santonian and Campanian, but appear to have been largely replaced by large mosasaurines, such as Mosasaurus, by the end of the Maastrichtian.[7] Nevertheless, the subfamily survived to the end of the Cretaceous, covering a period lasting approximately twenty million years.
The etymology of this group derives from the genus Tylosaurus (Greek tylos = "knob" + Greek sauros = "lizard").
^Williston, S. W. 1895. New or little-known extinct vertebrates. Kansas University Quarterly 6:95-98.
^Williston, S. W. 1897. Range and distribution of the mosasaurs with remarks on synonymy. Kansas University Quarterly 4(4):177-185.
^"Fossilworks: Tylosaurinae". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference JimenezCaldwell was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Garvey, S.T. (2020). "A New High-latitude Tylosaurus (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from Canada with Unique Dentition". Cincinnati, Ohio: University of CinCinnati. pp. 1–136.
^Everhart MJ. 2005b. Earliest record of the genus Tylosaurus (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Fort Hays Limestone (Lower Coniacian) of western Kansas. Transactions108 (3/4): 149-155.
^Polcyn, Michael J.; Jacobs, Louis L.; Araújo, Ricardo; Schulp, Anne S.; Mateus, Octávio (2014-04-15). "Physical drivers of mosasaur evolution". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Physical drivers in the evolution of marine tetrapods. 400: 17–27. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.018.
The Tylosaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs, a diverse group of Late Cretaceous marine squamates. Members of the subfamily are informally and collectively...
Mosasauroidea. The genus is the type genus of its own subfamily, the Tylosaurinae. Other members of this group include Taniwhasaurus and possibly Kaikaifilu...
their own and derived members consisting of the Plioplatecarpinae and Tylosaurinae; and the Halisauromorpha, containing the Halisaurinae. The placement...
Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. It is a member of the subfamily Tylosaurinae, a lineage of mosasaurs characterized by a long toothless conical rostrum...
Caldwell (2019). "A New Hypothesis of the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Tylosaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauroidea)". Frontiers in Earth Science. 7 (47): 47. Bibcode:2019FrEaS...
observations of the holotype classify it as a member of the subfamily Tylosaurinae. However, later observations note that several characteristics show that...
genera representing the four different subfamilies of Mosasauridae: the Tylosaurinae, Plioplatecarpinae, Mosasaurinae, and Halisaurinae, were present in Niobrara...
to be incorrect. Lingham-Soliar found that Goronyosaurus was within Tylosaurinae in 1988, based on a phylogeny of cranial-only characters. Mosasaurinae...
clade, the parafamily Russellosaurina, which includes the "subfamilies Tylosaurinae and Plioplatecarpini and their sister-clade containing the genera Tethysaurus...
is defined as all mosasaurs more closely related to the subfamilies Tylosaurinae and Plioplatecarpinae and their sister group, consisting of the taxa...
Caldwell (2019). "A New Hypothesis of the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Tylosaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauroidea)". Frontiers in Earth Science. 7 (47): 47. Bibcode:2019FrEaS...
species) and SDSM 3339. A mosasaurine also found in the Bearpaw Shale. Tylosaurinae Gen. et. sp. indet. Manitoba. Pembina Member. Isolated limb and girdle...
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