Temporal range: Campanian - Maastrichtian, 83.6–66 Ma
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IRNSB R33, the holotype skull of Prognathodon solvayi, the type species of the genus.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Squamata
Clade:
†Mosasauria
Family:
†Mosasauridae
Subfamily:
†Mosasaurinae
Genus:
†Prognathodon Dollo, 1889
Type species
Prognathodon solvayi
Dollo, 1889
Other species
P.? compressidens (Gaudry 1892)
P. currii (Christiansen and Bonde, 2002)
P. giganteus (Dollo, 1904)
P. hashimi (Kaddumi, 2009)
P. hudae Kaddumi, 2009
P. lutugini (Yakovlev, 1901)
P.? kianda (Schulp et al., 2008)
P.? mosasauroides (Gaudry 1892)
P.? overtoni (Williston, 1897)
P.? rapax (Hay, 1902)
P.? saturator (Dortangs et al., 2002)
P.? sectorius (Cope, 1871)
P.? waiparaensis (Welles and Gregg, 1971)
Synonyms
Prognathosaurus (Dollo, 1889)
(Williston, 1897)
Dollosaurus (Yakovlev, 1905)
Brachysaurana (Strand, 1926)
Ancylocentrum (Schmidt, 1927)
Tenerasaurus (Kaddumi, 2009)
Prognathodon is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera like Mosasaurus and Clidastes. Prognathodon has been recovered from deposits ranging in age from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian in the Middle East, Europe, New Zealand, and North America.[1]
Prognathodon means "forejaw tooth", which originates from the Latin pro- ("earlier" or "prior"), Greek gnathos ("jaw") and odṓn ("tooth"). Twelve nominal species of Prognathodon are recognised, from North America, northern and western Africa, the Middle East, western Europe and New Zealand. Due to the sometimes clear differences between them and the incomplete nature of many of the specimens, the systematics of the genus and which species should properly be considered Prognathodon is controversial. Some species have been assigned to other genera, such as Dollosaurus and Brachysaurana, but this has also been questioned.
Prognathodon is known for its massively built jaws and teeth. Its distinct feeding adaptations have generated much interest in its ecology ever since its discovery, though direct evidence of its diet, such as gastric residues, is rare.[2]
^"Fossilworks: Prognathodon". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
^Konishi, Takuya; Brinkman, Donald; Massare, Judy A.; Caldwell, Michael W. (2011-09-01). "New exceptional specimens of Prognathodon overtoni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the upper Campanian of Alberta, Canada, and the systematics and ecology of the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (5): 1026–1046. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31.1026K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.601714. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 129001212.
Prognathodon is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera...
Mosasaurus faced competition with other large predatory mosasaurs such as Prognathodon and Tylosaurus—which were known to feed on similar prey—though they were...
a single species, G. stadtmani, considered a species of the related Prognathodon up until its 2020 redescription. It was a large mosasaur measuring 10...
Mosasauridae, Globidens is generally placed near Prognathodon, although some placements of Prognathodon specimens are questionable. Below is a cladogram...
traditionally synonymized with Prognathodon, recent cladistic studies do not find it closely related to the Prognathodon type species to the exclusion...
assigned to the tribe Prognathodontini alongside other mosasaurs like Prognathodon and Gnathomortis. The prognathodontines are separated from other mosasaurs...
(Mosasaurus and its closest relatives). A third tribe, the Prognathodontini (Prognathodon and its closest relatives, such as Plesiotylosaurus), is also used on...
contents of a 6.5-7 metre Prognathodon kianda, alongside a 4 metre Gavialimimus sp. and a 4.6 metre cannibalized subadult Prognathodon kianda which were also...
of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera like Mosasaurus and Prognathodon. The genus contains one species, Plesiotylosaurus crassidens, recovered...
Eremiasaurus has a robust build, but to the extreme seen in the related genus Prognathodon. The premaxillary rostrum is short and conical in dorsal view and extends...
of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera like Mosasaurus and Prognathodon. Clidastes is known from deposits ranging in age from the Coniacian to...
year the Luanda Island Feast is held to honor the deity. The mosasaur Prognathodon kianda, found in Angola, was named after her. The Angolan author Pepetela...
fully marine lifestyles. In 2011, collagen protein was recovered from a Prognathodon humerus dated to the Cretaceous. In 2005, a case study by A.S. Schulp...
In 2013, Lindgren, Kaddumi, and Polcyn reported the discovery of a Prognathodon specimen from Jordan that preserved the soft tissues of its scaley skin...
fish, sharks, rays, birds, and marine reptiles like mosasaurs such as Prognathodon overtoni and Plioplatecarpus peckensis, plesiosaurs such as Dolichorhynchops...
dentary is robust, though not as strongly built as it is in Mosasaurus, Prognathodon, or Plesiotylosaurus. The ventral margin of the dentary ranges from straight...
slash, for example 636/7 and January/February. c. 65–70 million BCE – A Prognathodon dies in the Negev region; its complete skull was discovered in a phosphate...
Lively, J.R. (2020). "Redescription and phylogenetic assessment of 'Prognathodon' stadtmani: implications for Globidensini monophyly and character homology...
sister group to more derived mosasaurine mosasaurs such as Clidastes, Prognathodon, Mosasaurus, and Plotosaurus. In the popular press, Dallasaurus has been...
species assigned to Prognathodon in 2008 were more closely related to each other and to Mosasaurus than either was to Prognathodon, though made no formal...
Globidensini featured in Schulp et al. (2004): It is worth noting that placing Prognathodon within the Globidensini is controversial, and it is most often seen as...
Tylosaurus, estimated at 10–14 m (33–46 ft) in length. Another mosasaur, Prognathodon can reach similar size. The largest known prehistoric snake is Titanoboa...
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