Puget Sound, precisely the Hood Canal, Washington state
Ethnicity
350 Twana (1977)[1]
Extinct
1980[1]
Language family
Salishan
Coast Salish
Central
Twana
Language codes
ISO 639-3
twa
Glottolog
twan1247
The Twana (tuwaduq)[2] language, also known as Skokomish, is a Coast Salish language of the Salishan language family, spoken by the Twana, the Indigenous people of Hood Canal, in Washington. It is believed by some elders within the Skokomish community (such as Bruce Subiyay Miller) that the language branched off from Lushootseed (a neighboring related Coast Salish language) because of the region-wide tradition of not speaking the name of someone who died for a year after their death. Substitute words were found in their place and often became normalizing in the community, generating differences from one community to the next. Subiyay speculated that this process increased the drift rate between languages and separated Twana firmly from Lushootseed.[citation needed]
The last fluent speaker died in 1980.[1]
The Skokomish Indian Tribe released an online Twana dictionary in 2020.[2]
The name "Skokomish" is an Anglicization of the Twana word squqəʔbəš and means "river people" or "people of the river".[2][3][4][5]
^ abcTwana at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ abcDrachman, Gaberell (2020). tuwaduq: The Twana Language E-Dictionary Project. Skokomish Indian Tribe.
^Bright, William (2004). Native American Placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 452. ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
^Wray, Jacilee (2003). "Skokomish: Twana Descendants". Native Peoples of the Olympic Peninsula: Who We Are. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8061-3552-6. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
The Twana (tuwaduq) language, also known as Skokomish, is a Coast Salish language of the Salishan language family, spoken by the Twana, the Indigenous...
self-identify as the Twana today. The spoken language, also named Twana, is part of the Central Coast Salish language group. The Twanalanguage is closely related...
Lake Nahwatzel (Twana: dawacleɬ) is a body of freshwater located in Mason County in the U.S. state of Washington. The lake is fed by three main sources...
Nlaka'pamuctsin, Twana, Straits Salishan languages, and Halkomelem). There are three general patterns of negation among the Salishan languages. The most common...
least 33 settlements. The Skokomish, or Twanalanguage belongs to the Coast Salish family of indigenous languages. The tribe moved onto the Skokomish Indian...
Lake Cushman (Twana: ʔiluʔəɬ) is a 4,014.6-acre (16.247 km2) lake and reservoir on the north fork of the Skokomish River in Mason County, Washington....
Washington Skokomish River Mount Skokomish Skokomish language, a dialect of the Twanalanguage This disambiguation page lists articles associated with...
The Skokomish River (Twana: squʔquʔ) is a river in Mason County, Washington, United States. It is the largest river flowing into Hood Canal, a western...
as the Twana word čə́bqəb [t͡ʃə́bqəb] (earlier [t͡ʃə́mqəm]). In 1890 anthropologist Franz Boas found only three speakers of the Chemakum language, and they...
American Sign Language (ASL) is a natural language that serves as the predominant sign language of deaf communities in the United States and most of Anglophone...
is commonly spoken by the tribe. The Skokomish language is a dialect of Twana, a Central Salish language. The last fully fluent speaker died in 1980. As...
classification are the many Lushootseed-speaking peoples and the Twana (who speak the Twanalanguage). The broader Coast Salish are a group of related peoples...
native languages subsided until the age of reformation occurred. As stated by Michael E. Krauss, from the years 1960–1970, "Alaska Native Languages" went...
[nɑ̀ːpèːhópìz̥ɑ̀ːt]) is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na-Dené family, through which it is related to languages spoken across the western areas of North...
The United States does not have an official language at the federal level, but the most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English)...
neighbors Twana, Nooksack, Klallam, and the North Straits Salish languages, are in the Central Coast Salish subgroup of the Salishan family of languages. The...
Kiribatese), is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Kiribati. It belongs to the Micronesian branch of the Oceanic languages. The word Kiribati, the current...
Unami (Delaware: Wënami èlixsuwakàn) was an Algonquian language spoken by the Lenape people in the late 17th century and the early 18th century, in the...
prof strives to rescue an Aboriginal language from oblivion". The Japan Times. Retrieved 14 November 2019. "Twana". Ethnologue. "Kwadi". Ethnologue. "Shuadit"...
The Massachusett language is an Algonquian language of the Algic language family that was formerly spoken by several peoples of eastern coastal and southeastern...
[dʒalaˈɡî ɡawónihisˈdî]) is an endangered-to-moribund Iroquoian language and the native language of the Cherokee people. Ethnologue states that there were 1...
as Labrador. The Inuit languages are one of the two branches of the Eskimoan language family, the other being the Yupik languages, which are spoken in Alaska...
version of a Salishan word for the Chimakum people, such as the nearby Twana word čə́bqəb [t͡ʃə́bqəb] (earlier [t͡ʃə́mqəm]). Quileute is now extinct...
Mandarin and Cantonese among other varieties, is the third most-spoken language in the United States, and is mostly spoken within Chinese-American populations...
Siletz Skagits Lower Skagit (Whidbey Island Skagits) Upper Skagit Skokomish (Twana) Sliammon (Tla'amin) Snaw-naw-as (originally this term was used for both...
the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and in most circumstances...
The Blackfoot language, also called Siksiká (its denomination in ISO 639-3, English: /ˈsɪksəkə/ SIK-sə-kə; Siksiká [sɪksiká], syllabics ᓱᖽᐧᖿ), often anglicised...