Tun Sun/Tian-Sun/ Tu-Kun/Lang-ya-hsiu (頓遜/典遜/都昆/狼牙脩) (เทียนสน/หลังยะสิ่ว)
52 CE[1]–c. 6th century CE
Territory of Tun Sun (1st-6th centuries CE) and the neighbors. Dark Green: Territory before gaining independence from Funan, proposed by Lawrence Palmer Briggs in 1950;[2]: 260 Light Green: As Lang-chia, territory expanded after gaining independence, proposed by George Cœdès in 1924[2]: 269
Capital
Pong Tuk or Nakhon Pathom[3]: 52
Religion
Buddhism
Brahmanism[4]: 27, 28
Historical era
Proto-Dvaravati era
• Established
52 CE[1]
• Subdued by Funan
Before 245 CE[4]: 25
• Dependency of Funan
Before 245 – Late 5th century
• Gained Independence and became Lang-chia
Late 5th century[2]: 263
• Sent the first embassy to the Chinese court
515 CE
• Disestablished
c. 6th century CE
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Mon city-states
Dvaravati
Pan Pan
Today part of
Thailand
Myanmar
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Map of the ancient port city of Khao Sam Kaeo, one of the earliest settlements in Tun Sun territory (est. 4th century BCE), showing the four hills that make up the settlement. Red lines denote earthen walls at the site.Beads found at Khao Sam Kaeo, an archaeometallurgical crossroads for trans-Asiatic trade route.
Tun Sun (Chinese: 頓遜) or Tian-Sun or Tien-Sun (Chinese: 典遜;[5]: 32 Thai: เทียนสน[1]) or Tu-k'un/Tou-k'ouen/Ch'u-tu-k'un (都昆),[2]: 305 later Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu[2]: 262–263 (郎伽/狼牙脩, หลังยะสิ่ว[6]) was a group of five ancient Mon political entities,[2]: 259 stretching from present-day lower central Thailand to the Kra Isthmus in southern Thailand and Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar.[4]: 25, 27 [5]: 38 It existed from the 1st to 6th centuries CE,[4]: 28 [2]: 259 and was said to have stretched from the east to the west coast, controlling a vital branch of long-distance maritime trade between the India Ocean and the South China Sea.[3][4][5]: 34 It was also one of the earliest Indianized-states in Southeast Asia.[4]: 28
Tun Sun remained independent until it was seized and became a vassal of Funan in the 3rd century CE,[4]: 20 [2]: 258 at least before 245 CE.[4]: 25 Tun Sun disappeared from history about the beginning of the 6th century CE,[2]: 262 when new principalities of Dvaravati emerged in central Thailand.[7]: 234 [8]
The Kingdom of Lang-chia was probably the succeeding state of Tun Sun since its first embassy, sent to China in 515 CE, claimed that the country was founded around 400 years earlier but gained independence at the end of the 5th century. Several scholars speculated that Lang-chia is situated in lower central Thailand, probably the same territory as Tun Sun. Lang-chia additionally sent embassies to China in 523 and 531.[2]: 262–263 Cœdès proposed that Lang-ya-hsiu expanded its territory eastward to modern Chanthaburi province in eastern Thailand where it bordered with Chenla.[2]: 269
Southern Lang-chia later joined Pan Pan in the south,[2]: 262–263 while its northern territory became Dvaravati and the colony of Lavo Kingdom after merging with Chin Lin following the decline of Funan in the mid-6th century.[2]: 268–270, 281 Previously, Lang-ya-hsiu was expected to be Langkasuka but according to the location provided in the Chinese text written in 636, it would be situated at the modern lower central Thailand.[6]
^ abเรืองยศ จันทรคีรี (2009). ย้อนประวัติศาสตร์ 5000 ปี นอกพงศาวดารไทย สหราชอาณาจักรเทียนสน ความเป็นไป พ.ศ. 595-693 [Reminiscence at 5000 years of history outside of Thai annals: Kingdom of Tian Sun, 52 CE – 151 CE] (in Thai). สถาบันสุวรรณภูมิอภิวัฒน์. p. 166. ISBN 9789748285870.
^ abcdefghijklmLawrence Palmer Briggs (1950). "The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 9 (3). Duke University Press: 256–305. doi:10.2307/2049556. JSTOR 2049556. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
^ abCite error: The named reference dougald was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefghPaul Wheatley (1956). "Tun-Sun (頓 遜)". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1/2). Cambridge University Press: 17–30. JSTOR 25222785. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
^ abcGustaaf Schlegel (1899). "Geographical Notes. VII. Tun-Sun 頓遜 or Tian-Sun 典遜 Tĕnasserim or Tānah-Sāri". T'oung Pao. 10 (1). Brill Publishers: 33–38. JSTOR 4525378. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
^ abจีรวุฒิ บุญรัศมี (2 February 2023). "'หลังยะสิ่ว' ไม่ใช่ 'ลังกาสุกะ' ตีแผ่การสนับสนุนวาทกรรมบิดเบือนประวัติศาสตร์ จากความผิดพลาดของหน่วยงานภาครัฐ". www.luehistory.com (in Thai). Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
^Grant Evans (2014). "The Ai-Lao and Nan Chao/Tali Kingdom: A Re-orientation" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
^Stanley J. O'Connor (1970). "Dvāravatī: The Earliest Kingdom of Siam (6th to 11th Century A.D.)". The Journal of Asian Studies. 29 (2). Duke University Press. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024.
TunSun (Chinese: 頓遜) or Tian-Sun or Tien-Sun (Chinese: 典遜;: 32 Thai: เทียนสน) or Tu-k'un/Tou-k'ouen/Ch'u-tu-k'un (都昆),: 305 later Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu: 262–263 ...
foreign expatriates. Chinese records noted the names of Akola, P'an P'an, Tun-Sun, Chieh-ch'a, Ch'ih-tu, Pohuang, Lang-ya-xiu among few. Upon the fifth century...
Narrow Escape (死亡列車, 1994) Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre (黑太陽─南京大屠殺, 1995) Philosophy of a Knife Unit 731 "Interview-Tun Fei Mous". HorrorView.com. Archived...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
foreign expatriates. Chinese records noted the names of Akola, P’an P’an, Tun-Sun, Chieh-ch'a, Ch'ih-tu, among few. Upon the fifth century AD, these settlements...
Universities Central Library Collection or Yodaya Yazawin – Available in English in Tun Aung Chain tr. (2005) Chronicle of Ayutthaya, Yangon: Myanmar Historical...
Doctor in the House: The Memoirs of Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, 8 March 2011 ISBN 9789675997228. Doktor Umum: Memoir Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, 30 April 2012...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Jawi: محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, Malay pronunciation: [muhammad nadʒɪb]; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Together with Suvarnabhumi and Funan, Chinese records mention the states of Tun-Sun, Tan-Tan, Pan-Pan and the later states such as Chi Tu, Lang-Jia-Shu, To-Lo-Po-Ti...
Tun Dr. Ismail bin Abdul Rahman (Jawi: إسماعيل بن عبدالرحمن; 4 November 1915 – 2 August 1973) was a Malaysian politician who served as the second Deputy...
Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE TunSun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Lavo...
Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah binti Haji Mohamad Ali (Jawi: سيتي حسمه بنت محمد علي; born 12 July 1926) is the wife of Mahathir Mohamad, the 4th and 7th Prime Minister...
Global Information![Territory of Tun Sun (1st-6th centuries CE) and the neighbors. Dark Green: Territory before gaining independence from Funan, proposed by Lawrence Palmer Briggs in 1950;[2]: 260 Light Green: As Lang-chia, territory expanded after gaining independence, proposed by George Cœdès in 1924[2]: 269](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Map_of_Tun_Sun_%281st-6th_centuries_CE%29.svg/250px-Map_of_Tun_Sun_%281st-6th_centuries_CE%29.svg.png)
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