Global InformationTughril I information
| Tughril | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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 | |||||
| Sultan of the Seljuk Empire | |||||
| Reign | 1037 – 4 October 1063 | ||||
| Predecessor | Position established | ||||
| Successor | Alp Arslan | ||||
| Born | c. 993 Central Asian Steppe | ||||
| Died | 4 October 1063 (aged 70) Ray, Jibal, Seljuk Empire | ||||
| Burial | Tuğrul Tower, Ray, Iran | ||||
| Spouse | Altun Jan Khatun Akka Khatun Fülane Khatun Farrukh al-Khatuni Sayida Khatun | ||||
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| House | Seljuk | ||||
| Father | Mikail | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il (Persian: ابوطالبْ محمد طغرل بن میکائیل), better known as Tughril (طغرل / طغریل; also spelled Toghril), was a Turkoman[4][5] chieftain, who founded the Seljuk Empire, ruling from 1037 to 1063.
Tughril united many Turkoman warriors of the Central Asian steppes into a confederacy of tribes and led them in conquest of Khorasan and eastern Persia. He would later establish the Seljuk Sultanate after conquering Persia and taking the Abbasid capital of Baghdad from the Buyids in 1055. Tughril relegated the Abbasid Caliphs to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate's armies in military offensives against the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimids in an effort to expand his empire's borders and unite the Islamic world.
Before the advent of the Seljuks, Persia was divided between several warring local powers, such as the Saffarids, Buyids, Kakuyids, and Ghaznavids. As a result, it suffered from continuous war and destruction. However, under Tughril peace and prosperity were brought to the country and to Mesopotamia, a transition that was further reinforced due to the Seljuks' assimilation to Iranian-Muslim culture.[6]
- ^ a b c Faruk Sümer (2012). "TUĞRUL BEY es-Sultânü'l-muazzam Şâhânşâh Rüknüddîn Ebû Tâlib Tuğrul Bey Muhammed b. Mîkâîl b. Selçuk (ö. 455/1063) Büyük Selçuklu Devleti'nin ilk hükümdarı (1040–1063).". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 41. Istanbul. pp. 344–346. ISBN 978-97-53-89713-6.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c "THE SELJUKS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS: IRAN AND CENTRAL ASIA, C.1040-1250 Coin no. 2 of 14".
Two years later he entered Baghdad a second time, and was given the laqab Rukn al-Dawla ("Pillar of the State") and the title malik al-mashriq wa'l-maghrib ("King of the East and the West"), which allowed him to be addressed as sultan.
- ^ Safi 2006, p. 41.
- ^ Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia..."
- ^ Fleet, Kate (2009). The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1 (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 1."The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ Spuler 2014, p. 124.
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