Lord Cherwell, scientific advisor to the Prime Minister, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound, and Winston Churchill in June 1941.
Tube Alloys was the research and development programme authorised by the United Kingdom, with participation from Canada, to develop nuclear weapons during the Second World War. Starting before the Manhattan Project in the United States, the British efforts were kept classified, and as such had to be referred to by code even within the highest circles of government.
The possibility of nuclear weapons was acknowledged early in the war. At the University of Birmingham, Rudolf Peierls and Otto Robert Frisch co-wrote a memorandum explaining that a small mass of pure uranium-235 could be used to produce a chain reaction in a bomb with the power of thousands of tons of TNT. This led to the formation of the MAUD Committee, which called for an all-out effort to develop nuclear weapons. Wallace Akers, who oversaw the project, chose the deliberately misleading code name "Tube Alloys". His Tube Alloys Directorate was part of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
The Tube Alloys programme in Britain and Canada was the first nuclear weapons project. Due to the high costs and the fact that Britain was fighting a war within bombing range of its enemies, Tube Alloys was ultimately subsumed into the Manhattan Project by the Quebec Agreement with the United States, under which the two nations agreed to share nuclear weapons technology, and to refrain from using it against each other, or against other countries without mutual consent. However, the United States did not provide complete details of the results of the Manhattan Project to the United Kingdom. The Soviet Union gained valuable information through its atomic spies, who had infiltrated both the British and American projects.
The United States terminated co-operation after the war ended, under the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. That prompted the United Kingdom to relaunch its own project, High Explosive Research. Production facilities were established and British scientists continued their work under the auspices of an independent British programme. In 1952, Britain performed a nuclear test under the codename "Operation Hurricane" and became the third nuclear-weapon state. In 1958, in the wake of the Sputnik crisis, and the British demonstration of a two-stage thermonuclear bomb, the United Kingdom and the United States signed the US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement, which resulted in a resumption of Britain's nuclear Special Relationship with the United States.
TubeAlloys was the research and development programme authorised by the United Kingdom, with participation from Canada, to develop nuclear weapons during...
zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable...
industrial uses of nuclear energy. The agreement merged the British TubeAlloys project with the American Manhattan Project, and created the Combined...
aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products EN 754-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Cold...
to prospecting for oil and minerals. In 1943, he joined the British TubeAlloys team at the Montreal Laboratory in Canada. This became part of the Manhattan...
and aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles...
During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the TubeAlloys project to build an atom bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs...
the Second World War, Britain had a nuclear weapons project, codenamed TubeAlloys. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, British prime minister Winston...
aluminium alloys. Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties ISO 6361: Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Sheets, Strips and Plates The alloy composition...
memorandum prompted Britain to create an atomic bomb project, known as TubeAlloys. Mark Oliphant, an Australian physicist working in Britain, was instrumental...
Britain. A new directorate known by the deliberately misleading name of TubeAlloys was created to coordinate this effort. Sir John Anderson, the Lord President...
physical chemistry. During the Second World War, he was the director of the TubeAlloys project, a clandestine programme aiming to research and develop British...
United Kingdom, and to absorb some of the scientists and work of the TubeAlloys nuclear project in Britain. It became part of the Manhattan Project,...
1995) was a German-born British physicist who played a major role in TubeAlloys, Britain's nuclear weapon programme, as well as the subsequent Manhattan...
Nuclear Weapons. The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme, codenamed TubeAlloys, during the Second World War. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943...
entire project. The project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, TubeAlloys. The Manhattan Project employed nearly 130,000 people at its peak and...
aluminium alloys, heat treated) to produce tempers with a higher strength but a lower ductility. Like most other aluminium-manganese alloys, 3003 is a...
rod/bar and tube. Mechanical properties EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties The alloy composition...
In the automotive industry, alloy wheels are wheels that are made from an alloy of aluminium or magnesium. Alloys are mixtures of a metal and other elements...
were not only restricted to quantum mechanics. He contributed to the TubeAlloys project, the British programme to research and construct atomic bombs...
who participated in the United States' Manhattan Project, Britain's TubeAlloys, and was involved in nuclear weapon development. Moon made outstanding...
Sweden. From there, he was flown to Britain, where he joined the British TubeAlloys nuclear weapons project, and was part of the British mission to the Manhattan...
named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements...
Britain in 1941, he became an assistant to Rudolf Peierls, working on "TubeAlloys"—the British atomic bomb project. He began passing information on the...
uranium-235 from uranium-238 in order to produce a bomb for the British TubeAlloys project. The prototype gaseous diffusion equipment itself was manufactured...
costly and higher quality chromium molybdenum steel alloys. Frames can also be made from aluminum alloys, titanium, carbon fiber, and even bamboo and cardboard...
nuclear chain reaction. This research, a breakthrough, was part of the TubeAlloys project, the secret British project during World War II to develop nuclear...
important contributor to nuclear science. He participated in the British TubeAlloys on early nuclear weapon research. After the war he worked at CERN. Lew...
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