An Eastern Hemlock branch at the Kortright Centre for Conservation.
Tsuga canadensis, also known as eastern hemlock,[3]eastern hemlock-spruce,[4] or Canadian hemlock, and in the French-speaking regions of Canada as pruche du Canada, is a coniferous tree native to eastern North America. It is the state tree of Pennsylvania.[5] Eastern hemlocks are widespread throughout much of the Great Lakes region, the Appalachian Mountains, the Northeastern United States, and Maritime Canada. They have been introduced in the United Kingdom and mainland Europe, where they are used as ornamental trees.
Eastern hemlock populations in North America are threatened in much of their range by the spread of the invasive Hemlock woolly adelgid, which infests and eventually kills trees. Declines in population from hemlock wooly adelgid infestation have led to Tsuga canadensis being listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Eastern hemlocks are long lived trees, with many examples living for more than 500 years. They can grow to heights of more than 30 metres (100 ft), and are tolerant of shade, moist soil, and slopes. Hemlock wood is used in construction, and for railroad ties. Historically its bark was an important source of tannin for the leather tanning industry.[6] Eastern hemlocks are popular as ornamental trees, thanks to their tolerance of a wide variety of soil and light conditions, as well as their characteristic drooping branches.
^Farjon, A. (2013). "Tsuga canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42431A2979676. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42431A2979676.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^"NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tsuga canadensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
^BSBI List 2007(xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^Cite error: The named reference Taylor was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Godman, R. M. "Eastern Hemlock". www.srs.fs.usda.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
Tsugacanadensis, also known as eastern hemlock, eastern hemlock-spruce, or Canadian hemlock, and in the French-speaking regions of Canada as pruche du...
destructive pest that threatens the eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis) and the Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana). HWA is also found in western North America...
in Ottawa National Forest in September 1999, was found fruiting on Tsugacanadensis. It was one of three new Laetiporus species published in 2001, which...
study observed the effects of loss of foundation eastern hemlocks (Tsugacanadensis) in a forest ecosystem. Eastern hemlocks are a foundation species in...
regions. Its natural habitat is acidic mesic forests, often growing near Tsugacanadensis. It is a stemmed perennial plant. The cauline leaves are simple, toothed...
spear grass Taxus canadensis, common name Canadian yew Tsugacanadensis, common name eastern hemlock or Canadian hemlock Viola canadensis, common name Canadian...
does well in soils with a pH as high as 6. Eastern or Canada hemlock (Tsugacanadensis) is another important evergreen needle-leaf conifer that grows along...
often form a deciduous canopy, but are sometimes mixed with hemlock (Tsugacanadensis) or white pine (Pinus strobus). Other common trees include oaks (most...
Tree species and genera commonly associated with S. galacifolia are: Tsugacanadensis (eastern hemlock), Betula lenta (sweet birch), Acer rubrum (red maple)...
walnut (Juglans nigra). Other trees found here are eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis), white ash (Fraxinus americana), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)...
grandifolia), black walnut (Juglans nigra), elm (Ulmus spp.), hemlock (Tsugacanadensis), hickory (Carya spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), red maple (Acer rubrum)...
masses in stands of red pine (Pinus resinosa) and eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis). The fruitbody resembles that of H. diabolus, but lacks the acrid...
percent for red spruce (Picea rubens), and 1 percent for hemlock (Tsugacanadensis). "Picidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics...
hemlock (Tsuga), fir (Abies) and spruce (Picea) species. In North America the most common hosts are Tsugacanadensis, Tsuga caroliniana, Tsuga diversifolia...
found in Pennsylvania, where it grows on soil under Betula lenta and Tsugacanadensis. The specific epithet montaltoense refers to Mont Alto campus of Pennsylvania...
Abies grandis, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tsuga species (including Tsuga heterophylla and Tsugacanadensis). Revision of the North American genera Tetracis...
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