Trophic mutualism is a key type of ecological mutualism. Specifically, "trophic mutualism" refers to the transfer of energy and nutrients between two species. This is also sometimes known as resource-to-resource mutualism. Trophic mutualism often occurs between an autotroph and a heterotroph.[1] Although there are many examples of trophic mutualisms, the heterotroph is generally a fungus or bacteria. This mutualism can be both obligate and opportunistic.
mutualism and competition for space. It has been suggested recently that non-trophic interactions can indirectly affect food web topology and trophic...
Look up trophic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. Within a food web, a food...
describes the phenomenon of trophic cascade in specific terrestrial communities. A mesopredator is a medium-sized, middle trophic level predator, which both...
soil Nutrient cycle Oligotroph Paradox of the plankton Trophic cascade TrophicmutualismTrophic state index Defense, counter Animal coloration Anti-predator...
bioproductivity at each trophic level in an ecosystem. A pyramid of energy shows how much energy is retained in the form of new biomass from each trophic level, while...
plant growth, followed by corollary increases in subsequent trophic levels. Consequently, trophic index may sometimes be used to make a rough estimate of...
Zoochlorella. The spotted jelly, a mixotrophic jellyfish, lives in trophicmutualism with zooxanthella, a unicellular organism capable of photosynthesis...
Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems, occurring when a trophic level in a food web is suppressed. For...
they are said to have a trophic level of 1 (from the Greek trophē meaning food). Phytoplankton are then consumed at the next trophic level in the food chain...
Apex predators are usually defined in terms of trophic dynamics, meaning that they occupy the highest trophic levels. Food chains are often far shorter on...
soil Nutrient cycle Oligotroph Paradox of the plankton Trophic cascade TrophicmutualismTrophic state index Defense, counter Animal coloration Anti-predator...
they consume for energy in trophic levels, and they are most commonly quantified in length-the number of links between a trophic consumer and the base of...
spiderlings emerge, their mother lays trophic eggs for her new offspring to consume. Studies show that trophic egg laying occurs approximately 29 hours...
photosynthesis is carried through the trophic levels of an ecosystem as organisms consume members of lower trophic levels. Primary production can be broken...
structures. Trophic rewilding is an ecological restoration strategy focussed on restoring trophic interactions (specifically top-down and associated trophic cascades...
homogeneous trophic levels is fiction.": 815 Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that real trophic levels do exist, but "above the herbivore trophic level...
of resistance to strangers, with maintaining mutual respect for cultural differences). The Fenix Trophy was originally envisioned by Alessandro Aleotti...
interactions that shift along a continuum of mutualism, commensalism, and even parasitism. In almost all mutualisms, the relative costs and benefits of interactions...
availability. The study of trophic cascades is highly important to understanding the green world hypothesis. One way that trophic cascades can impact ecosystems...
biomagnification occurs across trophic (food chain) levels. Biodilution is also a process that occurs to all trophic levels in an aquatic environment;...
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