Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression information
Model of anxiety and depression
Watson and Clark (1991) proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders.[1] This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal.[1][2][3] These three sets of symptoms help explain common and distinct aspects of depression and anxiety.[2]
The ability to distinguish between anxiety and depression with this model may help increase diagnostic accuracy and help eliminate the complications that occur with comorbidity.[4][5] According to Clark, depressed patients have a comorbidity rate of 57% for any anxiety disorder.[6] Other studies in youth have revealed comorbidity rates of anxiety and depression as high as 70%.[7] There are many negative effects of anxiety-depression comorbidity.[8] The negative effects of comorbidity include: chronicity, recovery and relapse rates, and higher suicide risk.[6] Among youth samples, negative effects of anxiety-depression comorbidity include: increased substance abuse, more likely to attempt suicide, receive a diagnosis of conduct disorder, and are less likely to show favorable gains from treatment.[4]
^ abAnderson, E., & HOPE, D. (2008). A review of the tripartite model for understanding the link between anxiety and depression in youth. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(2), 275-287. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.05.004
^ abClark, L., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316-336. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.316
^Brown, T., Chorpita, B., & Barlow, D. (1998). Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(2), 179-192. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.179
^ abGaylord Harden, N., Elmore, C., Campbell, C., & Wethington, A. (2011). An examination of the tripartite model of depressive and anxiety symptoms in African American youth: Stressors and coping strategies as common and specific correlates. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40(3), 360-374. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.563467
^Kendall, P., Kortlander, E., Chansky, T., & Brady, E. (1992). Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: Treatment implications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 869-880. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.60.6.869
^ abMineka, S. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377
^Zahn Waxler, C. (2000). Internalizing problems of childhood and adolescence: Prospects, pitfalls, and progress in understanding the development of anxiety and depression. Development and Psychopathology, 12(3), 443-466. doi:10.1017/S0954579400003102
^Brown, C. (1996). Treatment outcomes for primary care patients with major depression and lifetime anxiety disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(10), 1293. doi:10.1176/ajp.153.10.1293
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