Global InformationTrichonympha information
| Trichonympha | |
|---|---|
| |
| Trichonympha campanula | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Metamonada |
| Order: | Trichonymphida |
| Family: | Trichonymphidae |
| Genus: | Trichonympha |
Trichonympha is a genus of single-celled, anaerobic parabasalids of the order Hypermastigia that is found exclusively in the hindgut of lower termites and wood roaches.[1] Trichonympha’s bell shape and thousands of flagella make it an easily recognizable cell.[2] The symbiosis between lower termites/wood roaches and Trichonympha is highly beneficial to both parties: Trichonympha helps its host digest cellulose and in return receives a constant supply of food and shelter. Trichonympha also has a variety of bacterial symbionts that are involved in sugar metabolism and nitrogen fixation.[3][4][5][6][7]
- ^ Ohkuma M, Ohtoko K, Iida T, Tokura M, Moriya S, Usami R, Horikoshi K, Kudo T (May 2000). "Phylogenetic identification of hypermastigotes, Pseudotrichonympha, Spirotrichonympha, Holomastigotoides, and parabasalian symbionts in the hindgut of termites". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 47 (3): 249–59. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00044.x. PMID 10847341. S2CID 24622299.
- ^ Cleveland LR (November 1960). "The Centrioles of Trichonympha from Termites and their Functions in Reproduction". The Journal of Protozoology. 7 (4): 326–341. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb05979.x.
- ^ Sato T, Hongoh Y, Noda S, Hattori S, Ui S, Ohkuma M (April 2009). "Candidatus Desulfovibrio trichonymphae, a novel intracellular symbiont of the flagellate Trichonympha agilis in termite gut". Environmental Microbiology. 11 (4): 1007–15. Bibcode:2009EnvMi..11.1007S. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01827.x. PMID 19170725.
- ^ Desai MS, Brune A (July 2012). "Bacteroidales ectosymbionts of gut flagellates shape the nitrogen-fixing community in dry-wood termites". The ISME Journal. 6 (7): 1302–13. Bibcode:2012ISMEJ...6.1302D. doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.194. PMC 3379631. PMID 22189498.
- ^ Brune A, Dietrich C (October 2015). "The Gut Microbiota of Termites: Digesting the Diversity in the Light of Ecology and Evolution". Annual Review of Microbiology. 69 (1): 145–66. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155715. PMID 26195303.
- ^ Zheng H, Dietrich C, Thompson CL, Meuser K, Brune A (2015). "Population structure of Endomicrobia in single host cells of termite gut flagellates (Trichonympha spp.)". Microbes and Environments. 30 (1): 92–8. doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME14169. PMC 4356469. PMID 25739443.
- ^ Peterson BF, Scharf ME (April 2016). "Lower Termite Associations with Microbes: Synergy, Protection, and Interplay". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 422. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00422. PMC 4824777. PMID 27092110.