Life-history stages of the trematode flatworm Fasciola hepatica from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Trematodes are parasitic flatworms of the class Trematoda, specifically parasitic flukes with two suckers: one ventral and the other oral. Trematodes are covered by a tegument, that protects the organism from the environment by providing secretory and absorptive functions.
The life cycle of a typical trematode begins with an egg. Some trematode eggs hatch directly in the environment (water), while others are eaten and hatched within a host, typically a mollusc. The hatchling is called a miracidium, a free-swimming, ciliated larva. Miracidia will then grow and develop within the intermediate host into a sac-like structure known as a sporocyst or into rediae, either of which may give rise to free-swimming, motile cercariae larvae. The cercariae then could either infect a vertebrate host or a second intermediate host. Adult metacercariae or mesocercariae, depending on the individual trematode's life cycle, will then infect the vertebrate host or be rejected and excreted through the rejected host's faeces or urine.[1]
^Poulin, Robert; Cribb, Thomas H (2002). "Trematode life cycles: Short is sweet?". Trends in Parasitology. 18 (4): 176–83. doi:10.1016/S1471-4922(02)02262-6. PMID 11998706.
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secretory and absorptive functions. The lifecycle of a typical trematode begins with an egg. Some trematode eggs hatch directly in the environment (water)...
have lifecyclestages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex lifecycle. Each stage in the...
The miracidium is the second stage in the lifecycle of trematodes. When trematode eggs are laid and come into contact with fresh water, they hatch and...
class of flatworms known as flukes or trematodes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex lifecycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate...
food that is contaminated with trematodes in the larval stages of their lifecycle. In a host organism, eggs of trematodes can spread through faeces, and...
share a similar lifecycle. They are parasites of snails and birds. This is a truncated lifecycle compared with typical trematodes, because the snail...
medusa stage in their lifecycle. The basic cycle is egg, planula larva, polyp, medusa, with the medusa being the sexual stage. The polyp stage is sometimes...
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known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth) of the class Trematoda, phylum...
Liver fluke is a collective name of a polyphyletic group of parasitic trematodes under the phylum Platyhelminthes. They are principally parasites of the...
is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals. These intestinal flukes have a three-host lifecycle with snails or...
Microphallus is a genus of parasitic trematodes (flukes) in the family Microphallidae. The Greek name means "tiny penis". They are parasitic on a variety...
intestinal trematode parasite prevalent on the Pacific Northwest coast. The species may be the most common trematode endemic to the United States. The life cycle...
amphibian larval stage. R. ondatrae is a digenetic trematode that occurs in lentic aquatic environments and has a complex lifecycle that requires the...
starts the lifecycle for the next generation. Heterobilharzia americana Prince 1929 (Price, Emmett W. 1929. A synopsis of the trematode family Schistosomidae...
definitive host, although its lifecycle involves other hosts, as is common for trematodes. Earlier research proposed that its lifecycle involved two other species...
Opisthorchis felineus, the Siberian liver fluke or cat liver fluke, is a trematode parasite that infects the liver in mammals. It was first discovered in...
lifecycle without the involvement of another host) and multiplication within the host. The parasitic cycle is homogonic, while the free-living cycle...
gut or body wall to reach the coelom) are intestinal, though some lifecyclestages rest in muscle or other tissues. The definitive host is always a vertebrate...
19:81-94, 1991. Lajtner et al.: "The effects of the trematode Bucephalus polymorphus on the reproductive cycle of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in the...
Queensland. Butcher, A.R. & Grove, D.I. (2001). Description of the life-cyclestages of Brachylaima cribbi n. sp. (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) derived from...
studies revealed 13 types of receptors. Their lifecycle is much simpler than that of digenean trematodes, including a mollusc and a facultative or compulsory...
completion of the trematode'slifecycle. It is also important to note that metacercariae are often considered passive; however, in this lifecycle it demonstrated...
Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic trematode, belonging to a group (genus) of blood flukes (Schistosoma). It is found...
There is some evidence connecting decreased liver function from the trematode infection with pregnancy toxaemia and mastitis in ewes when combined with...
Fasciolopsis (/ˌfæsioʊˈlɒpsɪs, fəˌsaɪ-/) is a genus of trematodes. They are also known as giant intestinal flukes. Only one species is recognised: Fasciolopsis...
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