Central Asian historical region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers
Watershed of the Oxus River in the 8th century, showing Transoxiana and its principal localities to the northeast.Transoxania and the neighbouring regions of Greater Khorasan and Khwarazm in Central Asia
Transoxiana or Transoxania ("Land beyond the Oxus") is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to modern-day eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Turkmenistan and southern Kyrgyzstan. The name was first coined by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC when Alexander's troops were able to conquer the region. The region may have had a similar Greek name in the days of Alexander the Great, but the earlier Greek name is no longer known.[1] Geographically, it is the region between the rivers Amu Darya to its south and the Syr Darya to its north.[2]
The region of Transoxiana was one of the satrapies (provinces) of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia under the name Sogdia. It was defined within the classical world of Persia to distinguish it from Iran proper, especially its northeastern province of Khorasan,[3] a term originating with the Sasanians,[4] although early Arab historians and geographers tended to subsume the region within the loosely defined term "Khorasan" designating a much larger territory.[5][6] The territories of Khwarazm, Sogdiana, Chaghaniyan, and Khuttal were located in the southern part of Transoxiana; Chach, Osrushana, and Farghana were located in the northern part.[7]
^Connection of the Genetic, Cultural and Geographic Landscapes of Transoxiana Nature.com. By Maxat Zhabagin et. al. 08 June 2017. Accessed 23 January 2024.
^Svat Soucek, A History of Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.4
^"Khorāsān". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
^C. Edmund Bosworth, (2002), 'CENTRAL ASIA iv. In the Islamic Period up to the Mongols' Encyclopaedia Iranica "In early Islamic times Persians tended to identify all the lands to the northeast of Khorasan and lying beyond the Oxus with the region of Turan, which in the Šāh-nāma of Ferdowsī is regarded as the land allotted to Ferēdūn's son Tūr... At the outset, however, those nearby parts of Central Asia with which the Arabs were familiar were often subsumed into the vast and ill-defined province of Khorasan, embracing all lands to the east of Ray, Jebāl, and Fārs". (online)
^C. Edmund Bosworth, (2011), 'MĀ WARĀʾ AL-NAHR' Encyclopaedia Iranica "It was defined by the early Arabic historians and geographers as the lands under Muslim control lying to the north of the middle and upper Oxus or Āmu Daryā, in contrast to Iran proper and its eastern province of Khorasan, sometimes called Mā dun al-nahr (lit. "what lies this side of the river"), although from the perspective of Arab historians writing in distant Iraq, the term "Khorasan" might extend to all lands beyond the Oxus, including Khwarazm and Transoxiana." (online)
Transoxiana or Transoxania ("Land beyond the Oxus") is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding...
used in a loose sense to include a wider region that included most of Transoxiana (encompassing Bukhara and Samarqand in present-day Uzbekistan), extended...
conquest of Transoxiana or Arab conquest of Transoxiana were the 7th and 8th century conquests, by Umayyad and Abbasid Arabs, of Transoxiana, the land between...
empire, of Iranian dehqan origin. The empire was centred in Khorasan and Transoxiana; at its greatest extent encompassing Persia and Central Asia, from 819...
This article lists the monarchs of Iran (Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979...
known as Isma'il ibn-i Ahmad (اسماعیل بن احمد), was the Samanid amir of Transoxiana (892–907) and Khorasan (900–907). His reign saw the emergence of the...
and was used from the Late Middle Ages in distinction to neighbouring Transoxiana. This province, whose people are mainly Shia Muslims, roughly encompassed...
L. transoxiana. The genus name honours the late Russian paleontologist Lev Nesov, and the specific name refers to the ancient region Transoxiana. It...
appears in 16th century literature. Other names for the region include: Transoxiana, Sogdia, and the Khanate of Bukhara. In the 14th century the region served...
not only provoked Ghurid sultans and fanatical religious scholars from Transoxiana against him, but also asked help Nizari Ismaili state, Qara Khitai Empire...
Samarkand and Khiva eventually became extremely wealthy cities, and at times Transoxiana (Mawarannahr) was one of the most influential and powerful Persian provinces...
capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, conquering Ifriqiya, Transoxiana, Sind, the Maghreb and Hispania (al-Andalus). At its greatest extent...
was Mongolian until the 16th century". For the sedentary Mongols in Transoxiana, the nomadic Mongols to their east represented a bastion of true Mongol...
1473-1480 9 Kūchkūnchī-Muḥammad, 2nd khan of Transoxiana 1512-1530 10 Abū-Saʿīd, 3rd khan of Transoxiana 1530-1533 11 Sulṭān-Saʿīd of Samarqand (d. 1572)...
Retrospective List of festschrifts "Eran ud Aneran – Transoxiana Webfestschrift Series 2003". Transoxiana. Transoxiana.org. ISSN 1666-7050. Retrieved 8 October 2013...
due to pressure from the Kipchaks, the Oghuz migrated into Iran and Transoxiana. They mixed with Iranic-speaking groups in the area and converted to...
Iran also resulted in the rapid urbanization of historical Khorasan and Transoxiana that lasted until the devastating Mongolian invasion. Several surviving...
Berzin, Study Buddhism "Origin of the Samanids – Kamoliddin – Transoxiana 10". www.transoxiana.org. Retrieved 2017-09-07. LITVINSKII, B. A.; PICHIKIAN, I...
a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, including...
invasions of Transoxiana. After the Chagatayid Qazan Khan was killed in 1346, the Chagatai Khanate underwent a transformation. In the west (Transoxiana), the...
conquests. The Turks began converting to Islam after the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana through the efforts of missionaries, Sufis, and merchants. Although initiated...
conquest of Armenia Muslim conquests of Afghanistan Muslim conquest of Transoxiana Muslim conquest of Azerbaijan Muslim conquest of the Levant Muslim conquest...
exception of the provinces along the Caspian Sea (i.e., in Tabaristan and Transoxiana), had come under Muslim domination. Many localities fought against the...
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