1805 naval campaign during the War of the Third Coalition
Trafalgar campaign
Part of the War of the Third Coalition
Battle of Trafalgar
Click image to load the battle. The Battle of Trafalgar, by Clarkson Frederick Stanfield
Date
March – November 1805
Location
Caribbean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Result
British victory
Belligerents
France Spain
United Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Pierre Villeneuve Honoré Ganteaume Pierre le Pelley Federico Gravina †
Horatio Nelson † Cuthbert Collingwood Robert Calder Richard Strachan
Strength
70 ships of the line[a]
56 ships of the line[a]
v
t
e
War of the Third Coalition
German campaign
Bavaria
Ulm campaign
Donauwörth
Wertingen
Günzburg
Haslach-Jungingen
Memmingen
Elchingen
Ulm
Mehrnbach
Lambach
Steyr
Amstetten
Mariazell
Dürenstein
Dornbirn
Schöngrabern
Hanover
Wischau
Austerlitz
Italian campaign
Verona
Caldiero
Forano
Caldiero pursuit
Castelfranco Veneto
Invasion of Naples
Gaeta
Campo Tenese
Maida
Calabria
Mileto
Trafalgar campaign
Diamond Rock
Cape Finisterre
Trafalgar
Cape Ortegal
Other battles
Planned invasion of Britain
Boulogne
Blanc-Nez and Gris-Nez
Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples
Wonau and Stecken
Lippa and St. Mathia
Blaauwberg
Atlantic campaign
v
t
e
Trafalgar campaign
Diamond Rock
Cape Finisterre
10 August 1805
Trafalgar
Cape Ortegal
The Trafalgar campaign was a long and complicated series of fleet manoeuvres carried out by the combined French and Spanish fleets; and the opposing moves of the Royal Navy during much of 1805. These were the culmination of French plans to force a passage through the English Channel, and so achieve a successful invasion of the United Kingdom. The plans were extremely complicated and proved to be impractical. Much of the detail was due to the personal intervention of Napoleon, who as a soldier rather than a sailor failed to consider the effects of weather, difficulties in communication, and the Royal Navy. Despite limited successes in achieving some elements of the plan the French commanders were unable to follow the main objective through to execution. The campaign, which took place over thousands of miles of ocean, was marked by several naval engagements, most significantly at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October, where the combined fleet was decisively defeated, and from which the campaign takes its name. A final mopping up action at the Battle of Cape Ortegal on 4 November completed the destruction of the combined fleet, and secured the supremacy of the Royal Navy at sea.
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Global Information
France
Spain
United Kingdom
Horatio Nelson †