This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Traditional Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese
正體字
Simplified Chinese
正体字
Literal meaning
Orthodox form characters
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Zhèngtǐzì
Bopomofo
ㄓㄥˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄗˋ
Wade–Giles
Chêng4-tʻi3-tzŭ4
Tongyong Pinyin
Jhèng-tǐ-zìh
IPA
[ʈʂə̂ŋ.tʰì.tsɹ̩̂]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Jing tái jih
Jyutping
zing3 tai2 zi6
IPA
[tseŋ˧.tʰɐi˧˥.tsiː˨]
Alternative rendering
Traditional Chinese
繁體字
Simplified Chinese
繁体字
Literal meaning
Complex form characters
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Fántǐzì
Bopomofo
ㄈㄢˊ ㄊㄧˇ ㄗˋ
Wade–Giles
Fan2-tʻi3-tzŭ4
Tongyong Pinyin
Fán-tǐ-zìh
IPA
[fǎn.tʰì.tsɹ̩̂]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Fàahn tái jih
Jyutping
faan4 tai2 zi6
IPA
[faːn˩ tʰɐi˧˥ tsiː˨]
Chinese characters
Chinese family of scripts
Written Chinese
Kanji
Hanja
Chữ Hán
Historical forms and styles
Neolithic symbols in China
Oracle bone
Bronze
Seal (Bird-worm
Large
Small)
Clerical
Cursive
Semi-cursive
Regular
Flat brush
Typefaces
Fangsong
Ming
Sans-serif
Properties and classification
Components
Strokes (order)
Radical
Collation and standards
Character-form standards
Jiu zixing
Xin zixing
Kangxi Dictionary forms (1716)
General Standard Chinese Characters (mainland China, 2013)
Graphemes of Commonly-used Chinese characters (Hong Kong, 2007)
Standard Form of National Characters (Taiwan, 1982)
Grapheme-usage standards
General Standard Characters (PRC, 2013)
Jōyō kanji (Japan, 2010)
Other standards
Standardized Forms of Words with Variant Forms (PRC, 2002)
Nan Min Recommended Characters (Taiwan, 2009)
Previous standards
Commonly-used Characters (PRC, 1988)
Tōyō kanji (Japan, 1946)
Reforms
China
Clerical reforms
Traditional characters
Simplified characters
(first round
second round)
Debate
Japan
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
Ryakuji
Korea
Yakja
Singapore
Table of Simplified Characters
Homographs and readings
Literary and colloquial readings
Variants
Graphemic variants
Zetian characters
Derived systems
Slavonic transcription
Nüshu
Kana (
Man'yōgana
Hiragana
Katakana
)
Jurchen script
Khitan (
Large
Small
)
Idu script
Bopomofo
Sawndip
Chữ Nôm
Transliteration of Chinese
v
t
e
Traditional Chinese characters are a standard set of Chinese character forms used to write Chinese languages. In Taiwan, the set of traditional characters is regulated by the Ministry of Education and standardized in the Standard Form of National Characters. These forms were predominant in written Chinese until the middle of the 20th century,[1][2] when various countries that use Chinese characters began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known variants of the predominant forms.[3][4]
Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is a retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia.[5] As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese kanji include many simplified characters known as shinjitai standardized after World War II, sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts. Korean hanja, still used to a certain extent in South Korea, remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic.
There is a long-running debate about traditional and simplified Chinese characters within and between Chinese communities.[6][7] Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being the merger of traditional characters into single simplified representations, which creates ambiguity when converting simplified characters to traditional characters. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets.[8]
^Wei, Bi (2014). "The Origin and Evolvement of Chinese Characters" (PDF). Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej. 5: 33–44. Retrieved 29 September 2023 – via CORE.
^Kornicki, P. F. (2011). "A Transnational Approach to East Asian Book History". In Chakravorty, Swapan; Gupta, Abhijit (eds.). New Word Order: Transnational Themes in Book History. Worldview Publications. pp. 65–79. ISBN 978-8-192-06511-3.
^Pae, H. K. (2020). "Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Writing Systems: All East-Asian but Different Scripts". Script Effects as the Hidden Drive of the Mind, Cognition, and Culture. Literacy Studies (Perspectives from Cognitive Neurosciences, Linguistics, Psychology and Education). Vol. 21. Cham: Springer. pp. 71–105. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55152-0_5. ISBN 978-3-030-55151-3. S2CID 234940515.
^Twine, Nanette (1991). Language and the Modern State: The Reform of Written Japanese. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-00990-4.
^Yan, Pu; Yasseri, Taha (2016). "Two Diverging Roads: A Semantic Network Analysis of Chinese Social Connection ("Guanxi") on Twitter". Frontiers in Digital Humanities. 4. arXiv:1605.05139. doi:10.3389/fdigh.2017.00011.
^O'Neill, Mark (8 June 2020). "China Should Restore Traditional Characters-Taiwan Scholar". EJ Insight. Hong Kong Economic Journal. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^Sui, Cindy (16 June 2011). "Taiwan Deletes Simplified Chinese from Official Sites". BBC. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^Lin Youshun (林友順) (2009). 大馬華社遊走於簡繁之間 [The Malaysian Chinese Community Wanders Between Simplified and Traditional Characters] (in Chinese). Yazhou Zhoukan. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
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