Unofficial dialogue between non-state actors or individuals
Track II diplomacy is the practice of "non-governmental, informal and unofficial contacts and activities between private citizens or groups of individuals, sometimes called 'non-state actors.'"[1] It contrasts with track I diplomacy, which is official, governmental diplomacy that occurs inside official government channels.[2] However, track two diplomacy is not a substitute replacement for track one diplomacy. Rather, it is there to assist official actors to manage and resolve conflicts by exploring possible solutions derived from the public view and without the requirements of formal negotiation or bargaining for advantage.[3] In addition, the term track 1.5 diplomacy is used by some analysts to define a situation where official and non-official actors cooperate in conflict resolution.[4]
^Diamond & McDonald, 1991, p. 1.
^Kaye, 2007, p. 5.
^Montville, 1991, pp. 162–163.
^United States Institute of Peace, Glossary of Terms for Conflict Management and Peacebuilding, "Tracks of diplomacy".
and 23 Related for: Track II diplomacy information
TrackIIdiplomacy is the practice of "non-governmental, informal and unofficial contacts and activities between private citizens or groups of individuals...
foreign-policy professional specializing in TrackIIdiplomacy. Slim is founding director of the Initiative for TrackII Dialogues at the Middle East Institute...
Public diplomacy Facebook diplomacy Global Ties U.S. Sister Cities International Peacemakers People to People International TrackIIdiplomacy World Affairs...
Peacemaking Preventive diplomacy Protocol (diplomacy) Shuttle diplomacyTrackIIdiplomacy Trager, Robert F. (2016). "The Diplomacy of War and Peace". Annual...
Tolerance and of Moriah, the center's film division. He has been a TrackIIdiplomacy contributor to the genesis of the Abraham Accords. Hier was born in...
America and Caucasus. The organisation is a recognised player in global TrackIIdiplomacy efforts. The Berghof Foundation strives to support processes that...
in 1997. This was in part fostered by the Inter-Tajik Dialogue, a TrackIIdiplomacy initiative in which the main players were brought together by international...
technical specifications combined with active monitoring and informal ('TrackII') diplomacy by communities of experts, together with a legal and political verification...
organising several Kashmir peace conferences and was part of the TrackIIdiplomacy between India and Pakistan. Between 1997 and 2012 he was a correspondent...
Culinary diplomacy, gastrodiplomacy or food diplomacy is a type of cultural diplomacy, which itself is a subset of public diplomacy. Its basic premise...
Catholic Education of the Holy See. It is also a non-state actor of TrackIIdiplomacy in the Holy See–Taiwan relations. Therefore, Fu Jen has special importance...
Gunboat diplomacy is the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval power, implying or constituting a direct threat...
Retrieved July 19, 2017. Allen Pietrobon, "The Role of Norman Cousins and TrackIIDiplomacy in the Breakthrough to the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty." Journal...
Policy in Asia and the Middle East and a leading practitioner of TrackIIdiplomacy. Her work is especially focused on U.S. relations with Iran and North...
Conferences List of anti-war organizations List of peace activists TrackIIdiplomacy Saunders, Harold H. (1999). A public peace process : sustained dialogue...
Hostage diplomacy, also hostage-diplomacy, is the taking of hostages for diplomatic purposes. While common in the ancient world in modern diplomacy it is...
Peace Forum, and Athens Democracy Forum. Wang, an advocate for "TrackII" diplomacy between China-foreign academic exchange, has joined and held multiple...
"transnational" organization and a leading example of the effectiveness of TrackIIdiplomacy. During the Cold War, it was claimed that the Pugwash Conference became...
In international relations, defence diplomacy (also known as military diplomacy), refers to the pursuit of foreign policy objectives through the peaceful...
Caviar diplomacy is a lobbying strategy of Azerbaijan, consisting of costly invitations to foreign politicians and employees of international organizations...
non-governmental initiatives illustrate TrackII science diplomacy. A specific form of TrackII science diplomacy is activism and advocacy "from below"...