Toward European Unity was a 1947 essay by George Orwell on the subject of European integration. In the essay, Orwell speculated about possible futures in which the world could fall to nuclear war or totalitarianism. He proposed the creation of a democratic socialist European Union as an alternative to such scenarios, although he also predicted that it would have to overcome opposition from imperial powers.
The essay represented both the culmination of Orwell's optimistic visions for a socialist future, which he had developed since the Spanish Civil War, as well as the beginning of his shift towards a deep-rooted pessimism that informed his dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.
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TowardEuropeanUnity was a 1947 essay by George Orwell on the subject of European integration. In the essay, Orwell speculated about possible futures...
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Borkenau 4 May 1940 CEJL II Book review published in Time and Tide "TowardEuropeanUnity" July 1947 CEJL IV, EL Book review published in Partisan Review...
Orwell was a proponent of a federal socialist Europe, a position outlined in his 1947 essay "TowardEuropeanUnity", which first appeared in Partisan Review...
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Coudenhove-Kalergi and Aristide Briand advocating for Europeanunity, albeit with differing visions. Post-World War II Europe saw a significant push towards integration...
This article aims to cover ideas of Europeanunity before 1948. "Europe" as a cultural sphere is first used during the Carolingian dynasty to encompass...
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because it favoured movement toward a European Union (EU). He served for ten years (1980–1990) as Convenor of European Studies, a postgraduate MSc programme...
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federal Europe, also referred to as the United States of Europe (USE), European State, or a European federation, is a hypothetical scenario of European integration...
President European Union Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission European Union Charles Michel, President of the European Council Australia...
elections as a "collaborative independent" candidate of the pro-drachma Popular Unity party formed from said breakaway faction. However, the party did not manage...
subsequently renamed the European Community (EC) upon becoming integrated into the first pillar of the newly formed European Union in 1993. In the popular...
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