The Tot System, also known as the Dop System (after the Afrikaans word 'dop' meaning an alcoholic drink), is a notorious truck system which was used in South African wine farms particularly in the Western Cape. Farm workers would receive payment in the form of money with a daily measure of cheap wine as a fringe benefit. This practice increased and exacerbated alcoholism among farm workers, which resulted in widespread social damage among communities, particularly the Cape Coloured community.
The practice goes back to the European settlers of the seventeenth century.[1] It was outlawed in 1960, but the ban was not enforced until the 1990s when South Africa's new democratic government under Nelson Mandela saw the demise of the practice. In 2003 a new Liquor Act which outlaws the "dop" system was adopted by the South African Parliament.[2] The bill states that "an employer must not supply liquor or methylated spirits to any person as an inducement to employment; supply liquor or methylated spirits to an employee as or in lieu of wages or remuneration; or deduct from an employees’ wages or remuneration any amount relating to the cost of liquor or methylated spirits.[3]
Although there have been reports that some farm workers still do receive partial payment in wine,[4][5] the "tot" system has been largely eradicated. However, the legacy continues as alcoholism is still rife. A 2000 study of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in a community in the Western Cape Province shows that the “historical presence of the wine industry in the Western Cape and the drinking patterns that have developed have produced a high FAS rate.”[1] Today some areas of the Western Cape have the highest incidence of FAS in the world.[6] Although now paid in cash, many workers spend their wages on alcohol, often sold to them by the farmers, or from illegal shebeens in the area. In 2007, the South African Wine Industry banned the 'papsak' (an Afrikaans word meaning 'soft sack' referring to cheap wine sold in a foil-lined plastic bag),[7] and NGOs such as Dopstop are striving to address alcoholism and other substance abuse problems that plague the poor rural communities of South Africa.[8]
^ abSchneider, Michelle; Norman, Rosana; Parry, Charles; Bradshaw, Debbie; Plüddemann, Andreas (May 2007). "Estimating the burden of alcohol abuse in South Africa in 2000" (PDF). South African Medical Research Council. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
^Merten, Marianne (5 September 2003). "New Liquor Bill outlaws 'dop' system". Mail & Guardian online.
^"Liquor Act, 2003". Government Gazette. 26 April 2004. Archived from the original on 12 June 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
^Johns, Lynnette (21 July 2007). "Taking W Cape's deadly dop system to court". IOL news.
^"Ripe with Abuse. Human Rights Conditions in South Africa's Fruit and Wine Industries". Human Rights Watch. 23 August 2011. p. 8. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
^Glasser, Jeff (12 May 2002). "Cycle of Shame. South Africa has the highest rate of fetal alcohol syndrome in the world". US News. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
^"'Papsak' runs dry". IOL news. 18 September 2007. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
^London, Leslie (1999). "Addressing the legacy of the Dop System: Tackling alcohol abuse among South African farm workers". SAHealthInfo. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
The TotSystem, also known as the Dop System (after the Afrikaans word 'dop' meaning an alcoholic drink), is a notorious truck system which was used in...
versa (the same information is involved). Systems have been developed for both TOT and TDOA (which ignore TOT) algorithms. In this article, TDOA algorithms...
same rights as all others who work; Child labour, compound labour, the totsystem and contract labour shall be abolished. The government shall discover...
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Tip of the tongue (also known as TOT, or lethologica) is the phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word or term from memory, combined with partial recall...
năm điều bác hồ dạy, yêu tổ quốc yêu đồng bào ,học tập tốt ,lao động tốt ,giữ gì vệ sinh tốt, khiêm tốn ,thật thà ,dũng cảm. Voice of Vietnam: VOV's...
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r u n {\displaystyle l_{\mathrm {tot~core~run} }} = Total length of core run Many rock mass classification systems use core recovery parameters as input...
kinderen tot 6 jaar) 9 – Watch out with children under 9 (Let op met kinderen tot 9 jaar) 12 – Watch out with children under 12 (Let op met kinderen tot 12...
V_{\text{TOT}}\end{aligned}}} where VTOT is the total potential energy of the system V TOT = ∑ k = 1 N ∑ j < k V j k . {\displaystyle V_{\text{TOT}}=\sum...
company hosting Tales Runner, released their global server of the game again. TOT announced that transfer publishing license in Thailand to Asiasoft on 30...
angle; and P tot {\displaystyle P_{\text{tot}}} is the total radiated power. The quantities U ( θ , ϕ ) {\displaystyle U(\theta ,\phi )} and P tot {\displaystyle...
swelling sheet silicates (phyllosilicates), which have a three-layer 2:1 (TOT) structure and belong to the clay minerals. Smectites mainly consist of montmorillonite...
century". Television personality Nancy Grace, who referred to Casey as "tot mom", was notable for the attention and corresponding publicity she gave...
{\displaystyle T_{tot}={\frac {L}{V}}+t_{r}+{\frac {kV}{2}}\left({\frac {1}{a_{f}}}-{\frac {1}{a_{l}}}\right)} where: T t o t {\displaystyle T_{tot}} time for...
fan system efficiency is simply: η t o t ⋅ S F P = Δ p t {\displaystyle \eta _{tot}\cdot SFP=\Delta p_{t}} where: η t o t {\displaystyle \eta _{tot}} is...
phyllosilicate mineral whose crystal structure is described as low-charge TOT. This means that a crystal of montmorillonite consists of layers, each of...
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