Tooth ankylosis refers to a fusion between a tooth and underlying bony support tissues. In some species, this is a normal process that occurs during the formation or maintenance of the dentition.[1] By contrast, in humans tooth ankylosis is pathological, whereby a fusion between alveolar bone and the cementum of a tooth occurs.
In humans, this is a rare phenomenon in deciduous dentition and even more uncommon in permanent teeth.[2][3][4] Ankylosis occurs when partial root resorption is followed by repair with either cementum or dentine that unites the tooth root with the alveolar bone, usually after trauma.[5] However, root resorption does not necessarily lead to tooth ankylosis and the causes of tooth ankylosis remain uncertain to a large extent.[5] However, it is evident that the incident rate of ankylosis in deciduous teeth is much higher than that of permanent teeth.[6]
Risk factors of tooth ankylosis can be generally classified into genetic factors and dental trauma. Diagnostic methods of tooth ankylosis include the use of clinical examinations, x-ray and cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT).[7][5] Tooth ankylosis could have several symptoms, with decreased tooth count being the most prominent one.[4] Factors like gender and sex may also lead to the incidence of certain signs, yet the full mechanisms have not been well evaluated. In general, the non-growing subjects and growing subjects would exhibit different signs and symptoms.[4]
Individuals suffering from ankylosis of deciduous teeth risk of losing these teeth due to the failure of the tooth eruption during facial growth and would lead to a series of functional and esthetic problems.[citation needed] After diagnosis with clinical examination or CBCT image, tooth ankylosis is often treated by removing the crown of the affected tooth.[5] Early orthodontic interception is also confirmed to be effective in promoting the recovery of the lost space as well as allowing the eruption of the teeth. It is current under the investigation of its probability being used as a prevention of tooth ankylosis.[8]
^Fink, William (February 1981). "Ontogeny and phylogeny of tooth attachment modes in actinopterygian fishes". Journal of Morphology. 167 (2). doi:10.1002/jmor.1051670203. PMID 30139183. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
^Andersson, L; Blomlof, L; Lindskog, S; Feiglin, B; Hammarstrom, L (1984). "Tooth ankylosis: clinical, radiographic and histological assessments". International Journal of Oral Surgery. 13 (5): 423–31. doi:10.1016/S0300-9785(84)80069-1. PMID 6438004.
^Rajendran A; Sundaram S (10 February 2014). Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology (7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. pp. 63, 528. ISBN 978-81-312-3800-4.
^ abc"Ankylosis of teeth". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
^ abcdde Souza, Raphael Freitas; Travess, Helen; Newton, Tim; Marchesan, Melissa A (2015-12-16). Cochrane Oral Health Group (ed.). "Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (12): CD007820. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007820.pub3. PMC 7197413. PMID 26677103.
^Biederman, William (September 1962). "Etiology and treatment of tooth ankylosis". American Journal of Orthodontics. 48 (9): 670–684. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(62)90034-9.
^Ducommun, F.; Bornstein, M. M.; Bosshardt, D.; Katsaros, C.; Dula, K. (2018). "Diagnosis of tooth ankylosis using panoramic views, cone beam computed tomography, and histological data: a retrospective observational case series study". European Journal of Orthodontics. 40 (3): 231–238. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjx063. PMID 29016762.
^Guimarães, C. H.; Henriques, J.; Janson, G.; Moura, W. S. (2015). "Stability of interceptive/corrective orthodontic treatment for tooth ankylosis and Class II mandibular deficiency: A case report with 10 years follow-up". Indian Journal of Dental Research. 26 (3): 315–9. doi:10.4103/0970-9290.162886. PMID 26275202.
to toothankylosis and the causes of toothankylosis remain uncertain to a large extent. However, it is evident that the incident rate of ankylosis in...
tumors, cysts, trauma, and thickened bone or soft tissue. Toothankylosis occurs when the tooth has already erupted into the mouth but the cementum or dentin...
the tooth and possibly the presence of pathological tooth migration. Damage to the PDL may result in toothankylosis to the jawbone, making the tooth lose...
this area. Cementoblastoma Toothankylosis Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion Fernandes M, de Ataide I, Wagle R. Tooth resorption part I - pathogenesis...
taking a mold of the patient's teeth, which is used to create a digital tooth scan. The computerized model suggests stages between the current and desired...
include inflammation of the tissue around the tooth, tooth loss and infection or abscess formation. Tooth regeneration is an on-going stem cell based field...
pericoronitis. Removal is indicated when the involved tooth will not erupt any further due to impaction or ankylosis; if extensive work would be required to restore...
Irregularity Index Malocclusion Scissor bite Standard anatomical position Toothankylosis Tongue thrust Conditions Overbite Overjet Open bite Crossbite Dental...
such as ankylosis, infection and pulp necrosis. Avulsed teeth should be replanted within the hour to increase the likelihood of a successful tooth replantation...
Irregularity Index Malocclusion Scissor bite Standard anatomical position Toothankylosis Tongue thrust Conditions Overbite Overjet Open bite Crossbite Dental...
Tooth pathology is any condition of the teeth that can be congenital or acquired. Sometimes a congenital tooth disease is called a tooth abnormality. These...
showing that multi-stranded superelastic NiTi wires can produce greater tooth movement than single-strand superelastic NiTi when used as the first archwire...
used to treat bony ankylosis, e.g.: Gap arthroplasty using interpositional materials between the cut segments. Fibrous ankylosis: usually results due...
type of tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, resulting in loss of tooth tissue, usually starting at the incisal or occlusal surfaces. Tooth wear...
Cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) is where a tooth has incompletely cracked but no part of the tooth has yet broken off. Sometimes it is described as a greenstick...
This can be caused by a physical barrier, such as other teeth, or when the tooth is angled away from a vertical position. Completely unerupted wisdom teeth...
resorption, external inflammatory root resorption, replacement resorption, and ankylosis. External inflammatory root resorption can be further categorized into...
Tooth discoloration is abnormal tooth color, hue or translucency. External discoloration is accumulation of stains on the tooth surface. Internal discoloration...
syringomelia Ears: absent malleus, conductive hearing impairment, stapes ankylosis Growth: short stature CRSDA is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous...
Tooth wear refers to loss of tooth substance by means other than dental caries. Tooth wear is a very common condition that occurs in approximately 97%...
of a tooth root, most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth. It is a likely outcome of untreated dental caries (tooth decay)...
Tooth transplantation is mainly divided into two types: Allotransplantation (homogenous), where a tooth is transferred from one individual to a different...
complex and is commonly associated with pulpal necrosis and inflammatory ankylosis. Management is focused on reducing this effect and is commonly achieved...
signal that something needs to be looked at. Pain can originate from the tooth, surrounding tissues or can have the sensation of originating in the teeth...
Abfraction is a theoretical concept explaining a loss of tooth structure not caused by tooth decay (non-carious cervical lesions). It is suggested that...
response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis. Most forms of gingivitis are...
the replacement resorption (also termed ankylosis) attaches the tooth firmly to the jawbone and stops normal tooth eruption and impedes normal jaw growth...
sensitive teeth: Tooth decay: Tooth decay is one of the most common causes of sensitive teeth. When the enamel on the surface of the tooth is worn away or...
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