Typical appearance of the back of the throat three days post tonsillectomy.
Other names
Adenotonsillectomy, T&A
ICD-9-CM
28.2-28.3
MeSH
D014068
MedlinePlus
003013
[edit on Wikidata]
Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are fully removed from the back of the throat.[1] The procedure is mainly performed for recurrent tonsillitis, throat infections and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).[1] For those with frequent throat infections, surgery results in 0.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 0.1) fewer sore throats in the following year, but there is no evidence of long term benefits.[1][2] In children with OSA, it results in improved quality of life.[3]
While generally safe, complications may include bleeding, vomiting, dehydration, trouble eating, and trouble talking.[1] Throat pain typically lasts about one to two weeks after surgery.[1][4] Bleeding occurs in about 1% within the first day and another 2% after that.[1] Between 1 in 2,360 and 1 in 56,000 procedures cause death.[1] Tonsillectomy does not appear to affect long term immune function.[1][5]
Following the surgery, ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) may be used to treat postoperative pain.[1] The surgery is often done using metal instruments or electrocautery.[1][6] The adenoid may also be removed or shaved down, in which case it is known as an "adenotonsillectomy".[1] The partial removal of the tonsils is called a "tonsillotomy", which may be preferred in cases of OSA.[1][7][8][9]
The surgery has been described since at least as early as 50 AD by Celsus.[10] In the United States, as of 2010, tonsillectomy is performed less frequently than in the 1970s although it remains the second most common outpatient surgical procedure in children.[1] The typical cost when done as an inpatient in the United States is US$4,400 as of 2013.[11] There is some controversy as of 2019 as to when the surgery should be used.[1][2] There are variations in the rates of tonsillectomy between and within countries.[12][13]
^ abcdefghijklmnMitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, Rosenfeld RM, Coles S, Finestone SA, Friedman NR, Giordano T, Hildrew DM, Kim TW, Lloyd RM, Parikh SR, Shulman ST, Walner DL, Walsh SA, Nnacheta LC (5 February 2019). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 160 (1_suppl): S1–S42. doi:10.1177/0194599818801757. PMID 30798778.
^ abBurton MJ, Glasziou PP, Chong LY, Venekamp RP (November 2014). "Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (11): CD001802. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001802.pub3. PMC 7075105. PMID 25407135. Adeno-/tonsillectomy leads to a reduction in the number of episodes of sore throat and days with sore throat in children in the first year after surgery compared to (initial) non-surgical treatment.
^Venekamp RP, Hearne BJ, Chandrasekharan D, Blackshaw H, Lim J, Schilder AG (October 2015). "Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical management for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (10): CD011165. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011165.pub2. PMC 9242010. PMID 26465274.
^Flint PW, Haughey BH, Robbins KT, Thomas JR, Niparko JK, Lund VJ, Lesperance MM (2014). Cummings Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2862. ISBN 9780323278201.
^Cite error: The named reference Bit2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Damiani F, Rada G, Gana JC, Brockmann PE, Alberti G (2 September 2016). "Long-term effects of adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea: protocol for a systematic review". BMJ Open. 6 (9): e010030. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010030. PMC 5020755. PMID 27591015.
^Zhang LY, Zhong L, David M, Cervin A (December 2017). "Tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy? A systematic review for paediatric sleep-disordered breathing". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 103: 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.10.008. PMID 29224763.
^Gorman D, Ogston S, Hussain SS (2017). "Improvement in symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in children following tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Otolaryngology. 42 (2): 275–282. doi:10.1111/coa.12717. ISSN 1749-4486. PMID 27506317. S2CID 1784671.
^Stelter K (1 December 2014). "Tonsillitis and sore throat in children". GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. 13: Doc07. doi:10.3205/cto000110. ISSN 1865-1011. PMC 4273168. PMID 25587367.
^Lamprell L, Ahluwalia S (April 2015). "Who has been hiding in your tonsillectomy tray? Eponymous instruments in tonsillectomy surgery". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 129 (4): 307–13. doi:10.1017/S0022215114003016. PMID 25658777. S2CID 42461145.
^Sun GH, Auger KA, Aliu O, Patrick SW, DeMonner S, Davis MM (December 2013). "Variation in inpatient tonsillectomy costs within and between US hospitals attributable to postoperative complications". Medical Care. 51 (12): 1048–54. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182a50325. PMID 23969585. S2CID 22239630.
^"Surgical operations and procedures statistics - Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
^Cite error: The named reference Sul2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are fully removed from the back of the throat. The procedure is mainly performed...
Coblation tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which the patient's tonsils are removed by destroying the surrounding tissues that attach them to the...
macrolides may be used. In children with frequent episodes of tonsillitis, tonsillectomy modestly decreases the risk of future episodes. About 7.5% of people...
collect the debris, preventing trapped material from forming stones. Tonsillectomy may be indicated if bad breath due to tonsillar stones persists despite...
but not necessarily, cause a sore throat and fever. In chronic cases, tonsillectomy may be indicated. The palatine tonsils are located in the isthmus of...
reduced by icy or cold foods. The procedure is often combined with tonsillectomy (this combination is usually called an "adenotonsillectomy" or "T&A")...
antibiotics, e.g. amoxicillin and azithromycin. Surgical removal (tonsillectomy) may be advised if the tonsils obstruct the airway or interfere with...
streptococcal pharyngitis. They do not typically occur in those who have had a tonsillectomy. Diagnosis is usually based on the symptoms. Medical imaging may be...
position is a position in which a patient is placed while undergoing a tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. In this position both the...
Ludwig's angina, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Tonsillectomy may be a reasonable preventive measure in those with frequent throat...
trademark sound of the Byrds. Starr was briefly hospitalised after a tonsillectomy, and Jimmie Nicol sat in on drums for the first five dates. It was not...
night, and Elliot flew back to Los Angeles for what was described as "a tonsillectomy". Within hours of the end of Elliot's Las Vegas concert, rumors began...
lancing of an infected tonsil caused by vaping and intended to pursue a tonsillectomy, consequently canceling her summer festival run and her opening act...
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sore. It turns out his tonsils are inflamed and swollen. Dobie has a tonsillectomy and suddenly he has a beautiful singing voice. All the girls go crazy...
PMID 30835819. Wu W, Debbaneh M, Moslehi H, Koo J, Liao W (December 2014). "Tonsillectomy as a treatment for psoriasis: a review". The Journal of Dermatological...
often needed and often more than one set during the person's childhood. Tonsillectomy is also often done to help with sleep apnea and throat infections. Surgery...
September 27, 2021 (2021-09-27) 3.99 Shaun, Park, and Lim discover that a tonsillectomy patient's brother, a boy named Jordan, has cervical cancer in his throat...
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Hellinger, who began to give her publicity. Soon after, Merman underwent a tonsillectomy, which she feared would damage her voice, but after recovering, she...
malignant tumour on one of his tonsils, leading to both being removed via a tonsillectomy. The following year, it was discovered that the cancer had spread into...