Global InformationTipu Sultan information
| Tipu Sultan | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Badshah Nasib-ud-Daulah Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Tipu | |||||
 Portrait of Tipu Sultan, from Mysore (c. 1790–1800). | |||||
| Sultan of Mysore | |||||
| Reign | 10 December 1782 – 4 May 1799 | ||||
| Coronation | 29 December 1782 | ||||
| Predecessor | Hyder Ali | ||||
| Successor | Krishnaraja III (as Maharaja of Mysore) | ||||
| Born | Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu 1 December 1751 Devanahalli, Kingdom of Mysore (modern-day Karnataka, India) | ||||
| Died | 4 May 1799 (aged 47) Srirangapatna, Sultanate of Mysore (modern-day Karnataka, India) | ||||
| Burial | Srirangapatna, present-day Mandya, Karnataka 12°24′36″N 76°42′50″E / 12.41000°N 76.71389°E | ||||
| Spouse | Khadija Zaman Begum and 2 or 3 others | ||||
| Issue | Shezada Hyder Ali, Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib and many others | ||||
| |||||
| House | Mysore | ||||
| Father | Hyder Ali | ||||
| Mother | Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa | ||||
| Religion | Shia Islam[1] | ||||
| Seal |  | ||||
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Tipu Sultan (Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore",[2][3] was the Indian Muslim ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India.[4] He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.[5][6][7] He introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar,[8] and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.[9] Tipu was also a pioneer in introducing Channapatna toys.[10] He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin. He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna.[11]
Tipu Sultan and his father used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,[12] and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers: against the Marathas, Sira, and rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic, and Travancore. Tipu's father, Hyder Ali, had risen to power and Tipu succeeded him as the ruler of Mysore upon his death from cancer in 1782. He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War. He negotiated the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore with them, ending the Second Anglo-Mysore War.
Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad.[13]
Tipu remained an implacable enemy of the British East India Company, sparking conflict with his attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. He sent emissaries to foreign states, including the Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan, and France, in an attempt to rally opposition to the British.
In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of British East India Company troops supported by the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam.
- ^ Stearns, Peter (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World,Volume 4. Oxford University Press, 2008. p. 243. ISBN 9780195176322.
- ^ Cavendish, Richard (4 May 1999). "Tipu Sultan killed at Seringapatam". History Today. 49 (5). Retrieved 13 December 2013.
- ^ Brittlebank, Kate (2022). Tiger: The Life of Tipu Sultan. Claritas Books. ISBN 978-1-905837-87-8. Retrieved 15 April 2024. Quote=Aer he died, it became his epithet – 'the Tiger of Mysore' the British called him.
- ^ Yazdani, Kaveh (2017). India, Modernity and the Great Divergence. Brill. p. 67. ISBN 9789004330795.
- ^ Colley, Linda (2000). "Going Native, Telling Tales: Captivity, Collaborations and Empire". Past & Present (168): 190. ISSN 0031-2746. JSTOR 651308.
- ^ Dalrymple 2019, p. 243.
- ^ Jamil, Arish. "Why Mysore? The Idealistic and Materialistic Factors Behind Tipu Sultan's War Rocket Success" (PDF). Emory Endeavors in World History - Volume 5. Emory College of Arts and Science. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ Hasan 2005, p. 399.
- ^ Datta, R.K. (2007). Global Silk Industry: A Complete Source Book. APH Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-313-0087-9.
- ^ "History Of Channapatna Toys". Craftdeals.in. January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Narasimhawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Roy 2011, p. 77.
- ^ Hasan 2005, pp. 105–107.