Superficial phaeohyphomycosis, tinea nigra plantaris,[1] tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris[2]
Micrograph of the fungus Hortaea werneckii, the causative agent of tinea nigra
Specialty
Dermatology
Symptoms
One or more dark brown/black, painless spots on palms or soles[3]
Causes
Hortaea werneckii[3]
Diagnostic method
Visualisation, dermoscopy, microscopy and culture[3]
Treatment
Antifungals, scraping the lesion[3]
Medication
Topical Whitfield's ointment or salicylic acid ointment, or oral itraconazole[1]
Tinea nigra, also known as superficial phaeohyphomycosis and Tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris,[2] is a superficial fungal infection, a type of phaeohyphomycosis rather than a tinea, that causes usually a single 1–5 cm dark brown-black, non-scaly, flat, painless patch on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet of healthy people.[1] There may be multiple spots.[1] The macules occasionally extend to the fingers, toes, and nails, and may be reported on the chest, neck, or genital area.[4]: 311 Tinea nigra infections can present with multiple macules that can be mottled or velvety in appearance, and may be oval or irregular in shape. The macules can be anywhere from a few mm to several cm in size.[5]
Most cases are caused by Hortaea werneckii, a pigmented fungus, which is a dark yeast found in sewage, soil, rotting vegetation and wood and in places with a high salt content such as moldy salted fish and on beaches, where contact with sand may result in transmission.[1] Infection is by direct contact and the fungus enters and remains in the outer dead layer of skin with little or no skin inflammation.[1] The infection does not invade deeper tissues.[1]
Diagnosis is by visualisation, dermoscopy, and microscopy and culture of skin scrapings.[3] Differential diagnosis includes Addison's disease, syphilis, pinta, yaws, melanoma, lentigines, lichen planus of the palms, and junctional melanocytes nevus.[1] Treatment is with topical Whitfield's ointment or salicylic acid ointment.[1] Topical antifungals or oral itraconazole are other options.[1] Scraping the lesion can be curative.[3] Prevention is by general hygiene measures.[1]
It is uncommon.[1] It generally occurs in tropical and subtropical countries of Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, South East Asia, Australia and the Far East.[1] The disease was first described by Alexandre Cerqueira from Brazil in 1891.[1] No cases in animals have been reported.[1]
^ abcdefghijklmnoChander, Jagdish (2018). "8. Tinea Nigra". Textbook of Medical Mycology (4th ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd. pp. 145–153. ISBN 978-93-86261-83-0.
^ abRapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. Chapter 76. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
^ abcdefJames, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "15. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Elsevier. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
^James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
^Schwartz, Robert A (September 2004). "Superficial fungal infections". The Lancet. 364 (9440): 1173–1182. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17107-9. PMID 15451228. S2CID 28932880.
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ringworm, since not caused by dermatophytes) Tinea versicolor: caused by Malassezia furfur Tineanigra: caused by Hortaea werneckii Infections on the...
production Tineanigra, a superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the hands and feet Christina Nigra, an...
of the tumor, repeat surgery often is decreased. Differentiation of tineanigra from malignant melanoma or junctional melanocytic nevus. Artificial intelligence...
1097/00000478-200103000-00005. PMID 11224601. S2CID 41306625. Hall J, Perry VE (1998). "Tineanigra palmaris: differentiation from malignant melanoma or junctional nevi"...
of instruments. Exophiala werneckii is the organism responsible for tineanigra. Some sources equate Hortaea werneckii, Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala...
Molds are uncommon causes of fungal infections but they can lead to tineanigra (painless brown or black patches on the skin) or hard-to-treat nail infections...
werneckii causes a rare superficial and non-invasive skin infection tineanigra. The typical symptoms are non-scaly, smooth, brown-black painless spots...
mentagrophytes Tinea cruris (Jock itch) No Trichophyton rubrum Tinea manum (ringworm of the hand) No usually Hortaea werneckii Tineanigra No usually Trichophyton...
Alexandro; Gómez-Daza, F; Paredes, V; Ponce, R. M. (2010). "Tinea versicolor, tineanigra, white piedra, and black piedra". Clinics in Dermatology. 28...
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internally as an emetic, and is also used topically to kill parasites (such as tinea and scabies) or to stop itching. It was most widely used to treat vascular...
antennae with white tips. They are on wing in July. The larvae feed on Ballota nigra. They first feed on the seeds. Later, they feed from within a case made...
to September. The larvae feed on Centaurea species, including Centaurea nigra and Centaurea scabiosa. They feed in spun or rolled leaves of their host...
larvae feed on pine. The original host plants are Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra. The host-plant spectrum has been expanded to more members of the genus...
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