China Yangtze Power (subsidiary of China Three Gorges Corporation)
Dam and spillways
Type of dam
Gravity dam
Impounds
Yangtze River
Height
181 m (594 ft)
Length
2,335 m (7,661 ft)
Width (crest)
40 m (131 ft)
Width (base)
115 m (377 ft)
Dam volume
27.2 million m3 (35.6 million cu yd)
Spillway capacity
116,000 m3/s (4,100,000 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
Creates
Three Gorges Reservoir
Total capacity
39.3 km3 (31,900,000 acre⋅ft)
Catchment area
1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi)
Surface area
1,084 km2 (419 sq mi)[3]
Maximum length
600 km (370 mi)[4]
Normal elevation
175 m (574 ft)
Power Station
Commission date
2003–2012
Type
Conventional
Hydraulic head
Rated: 80.6 m (264 ft) Maximum: 113 m (371 ft)[3]
Turbines
32 × 700 MW 2 × 50 MW Francis-type
Installed capacity
22,500 MW
Capacity factor
45%
Annual generation
101.6 TWh (366 PJ) (2018)
The Three Gorges Dam (simplified Chinese: 三峡大坝; traditional Chinese: 三峽大壩; pinyin: Sānxiá Dàbà) is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downstream of the Three Gorges. The world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity (22,500 MW),[5][6] the Three Gorges Dam generates 95±20 TWh of electricity per year on average, depending on the amount of precipitation in the river basin.[7] After the extensive monsoon rainfalls of 2020, the dam's annual production reached nearly 112 TWh, breaking the previous world record of ~103 TWh set by Itaipu Dam in 2016.[8][9]
The dam's body was completed in 2006; the power plant was completed and fully operational by 2012,[10][11] when the last of the main water turbines in the underground plant began production. Each of the main water turbines has a capacity of 700 MW.[12][13] Combining the capacity of the dam's 32 main turbines with the two smaller generators (50 MW each) that provide power to the plant itself, the total electric generating capacity of the Three Gorges Dam is 22,500 MW.[12][14][15] The last major component of the project, the ship lift, was completed in 2015.[16]
In addition to generating electricity, the dam was designed to increase the Yangtze River's shipping capacity. By providing flood storage space, the dam reduces the potential for flooding downstream, which historically plagued the Yangtze Plain. In 1931, floods on the river caused the deaths of up to 4 million people. As a result, China regards the project as a monumental social and economical success,[17] with the design of state-of-the-art large turbines[18] and a move toward limiting greenhouse gas emissions.[19] However, the dam has led to some ecological changes, including an increased risk of landslides,[20][21] which have made it controversial domestically and abroad.[22][23][24][25]
Three Gorges Dam
Simplified Chinese
三峡大坝
Traditional Chinese
三峽大壩
Literal meaning
Three Gorges Great Dam
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Sānxiá Dàbà
Bopomofo
ㄙㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄚˋ
IPA
[sán.ɕjǎ tâ.pâ]
other Mandarin
Dungan
сань ся да ба
^Ma, Yue (November 26, 2010). "Three Gorges Dam". large.stanford.edu. Stanford University. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^"Three Gorges Dam Hydro Electric Power Plant, China". Power Technology. February 21, 2020. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
^ ab"Three Gorges Project" (PDF). chincold.org.cn. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
^Engineering Geology for Society and Territory – Volume 2: Landslide Processes. Springer. 2014. p. 1415. ISBN 978-3-319-09057-3.
^Cleveland, Cutler J.; Morris, Christopher G. (2013). Handbook of Energy: Chronologies, Top Ten Lists, and Word Clouds. Elsevier Science. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-12-417019-3.
^Ehrlich, Robert (2013). Renewable Energy: A First Course. CRC Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4665-9944-4 – via Google Books.
^三峡工程2018年发电量、过闸货运量刷新历史纪录 [The Three Gorges Project's 2018 power generation and cargo volume through the gate set new historical records]. news.china.com.cn (in Chinese). China News Service. January 10, 2019. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019.
^Kirong, Nephele (January 2, 2021). "China's Three Gorges Dam sets world hydropower production record – China Daily". spglobal.com. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021.
^"Itaipu Ends 2016 with a Historic Production of 103.09 Million MWh". Itaipu Bunacional. January 3, 2017. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^三峡工程最后一台机组结束72小时试运行 [The last unit of the Three Gorges Project has completed its 72-hour test run]. ctg.com.cn (in Chinese). China Three Gorges Corporation. May 24, 2012. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
^三峡地下电站机电设备全面移交投产 [The mechanical and electrical equipment of the Three Gorges Underground Power Station is fully handed over and put into operation]. ctg.com.cn (in Chinese). China Three Gorges Corporation. July 5, 2012. Archived from the original on April 5, 2013. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
^ abAcker, Fabian (March 2, 2009). "Taming the Yangtze". IET magazine. Archived from the original on July 16, 2018.
^三峡工程左右岸电站26台机组全部投入商业运行 [All 26 units of power stations on left and right banks of the Three Gorges Project have been put into commercial operation]. ctgpc.com.cn (in Chinese). China Three Gorges Corporation. October 30, 2008. Archived from the original on February 9, 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
^"Three Gorges reservoir raises water to target level". news.xinhuanet.com. Xinhua News Agency. October 7, 2008. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
^"Final Turbine at China's Three Gorges Dam Begins Testing". InventorSpot.com. April 27, 2011. Archived from the original on May 4, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
^世界最大“升船电梯”三峡大坝试验成功 [The world's largest "ship lift" Three Gorges Dam successfully tested]. news.cnhubei.com (in Chinese). Chutian Jinbao. January 14, 2016. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
^中国长江三峡工程开发总公司 [The Three Gorges Hydropower Station has brought huge economic benefits and the cumulative power generation has exceeded 300 billion kWh]. ctgpc.com.cn (in Chinese). China Three Gorges Corporation. April 8, 2009. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
^中国长江三峡工程开发总公司 [Our country's large-scale hydropower unit manufacturing has reached the world's advanced level]. ctgpc.com.cn (in Chinese). China Three Gorges Corporation. March 10, 2009. Archived from the original on October 2, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
^一座自主创新历史丰碑 三峡工程的改革开放之路 [The road to reform and the opening up of the Three Gorges Project, a historical monument of independent innovation] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. February 3, 2009. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
^重庆云阳长江右岸现360万方滑坡险情-地方-人民网 [There are 3.6 million square meters of landslides on the right bank of the Yangtze River in Yunyang, Chongqing]. People's Daily Online (in Chinese). April 10, 2009. Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
^探访三峡库区云阳故陵滑坡险情 [Visiting the Yunyang Guling Landslide Danger in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. April 9, 2009. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
^Yang, Lin (October 12, 2007). "China's Three Gorges Dam Under Fire". Time. Archived from the original on March 31, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009. The giant Three Gorges Dam across China's Yangtze River has been mired in controversy ever since it was first proposed
^Laris, Michael (August 17, 1998). "Untamed Waterways Kill Thousands Yearly". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2009. Officials now use the deadly history of the Yangtze, China's longest river, to justify the country's riskiest and most controversial infrastructure project – the enormous Three Gorges Dam.
^Grant, Stan (June 18, 2005). "Global Challenges: Ecological and Technological Advances Around the World". CNN. Archived from the original on September 24, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009. China's engineering marvel is unleashing a torrent of criticism. [...] When it comes to global challenges, few are greater or more controversial than the construction of the massive Three Gorges Dam in Central China.
^Gerin, Roseanne (December 11, 2008). "Rolling on A River". Beijing Review. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009. ...the 180-billion yuan ($26.3 billion) Three Gorges Dam project has been highly contentious.
The ThreeGorgesDam (simplified Chinese: 三峡大坝; traditional Chinese: 三峽大壩; pinyin: Sānxiá Dàbà) is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River...
are known for their scenery. The ThreeGorges—comprising the Qutang, followed by the Wu, and finally the Xiling gorges—span 193 miles (311 km), beginning...
Itaipu Dam's hydroelectric power plant produced the second-most electricity of any in the world as of 2020, only surpassed by the ThreeGorgesDam plant...
September 1993. The company was responsible for the construction of the ThreeGorgesDam-project, the world's largest hydroelectric power plant, that went into...
downstream of the ThreeGorgesDam in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze which will never pass through the dam. During July, three flood waves from...
are listed. The ThreeGorgesDam in Hubei, China, has the world's largest instantaneous generating capacity (22,500 MW), with Baihetan Dam from the same...
2022. The dam is also part of the “world’s largest clean energy corridor”, where it joins other mega hydropower projects like the ThreeGorgesDam, Wudongde...
Catastrophic Dam Failures: The August 1975 Collapse of the Banqiao and Shimantan Dams". In Qing, Dai (ed.). The river dragon has come! The ThreeGorgesDam and...
capacity of the ThreeGorgesDam. The proposed Grand Inga Dam in the Congo would surpass all existing power stations, including the ThreeGorgesDam, if construction...
hydro-electric power in China. The ThreeGorgesDam is the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity (22,500 MW). The dam is the largest operating...
Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research. The ThreeGorgesDam above ground hydroelectric plant became fully operational in 2010 and...
scenery of the ThreeGorges before the dam was constructed. A 1st-floor exhibition on the ThreeGorges includes a model of the ThreeGorgesDam. Baiheliang...
large dams, such as the ThreeGorgesDam or the Xiluodu Dam have had human and environmental impacts on the areas surrounding dam reservoirs, including...
Yunnan Qutang Gorge, one of the ThreeGorges Wu Gorge, one of the ThreeGorges Xiling Gorge, one of the ThreeGorgesThreeGorgesDam in Hubei, the world's...
activist for China-related issues; most significantly against the ThreeGorgesDam Project. She left the Chinese Communist Party after the bloodshed of...
submersion of the water storage of the reservoir region of the ThreeGorgesDam. The ThreeGorges Reservoir Region is located in the upstream of the Yangtze...
man-made dams by volume of fill/structure. By general definition, a dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams, hence tailings dams are relegated...
the ThreeGorges In passing through the Xiling Gorge (66 km), the last of the ThreeGorges, go through the five-stage locks of the ThreeGorgesDam, built...
and the prefecture-level city Xiangyang, by urban population. The ThreeGorgesDam is located within its administrative area, in Yiling District. In ancient...
1942. The Itaipu Dam opened in 1984 in South America as the largest, producing 14 GW, but was surpassed in 2008 by the ThreeGorgesDam in China at 22.5...
Sanxia may refer to: ThreeGorges, on the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China ThreeGorgesDam Sanxia Prison, in Chongqing, People's Republic...
The ThreeGorgesDam was constructed at Sāndòupíng in the middle of the Xiling Gorge. Before the construction of the ThreeGorgesDam and Gezhouba Dam, Xiling...
Chongqing to the west, and Shaanxi to the northwest. The high-profile ThreeGorgesDam is located at Yichang, in the west of the province. Hubei is the 7th-largest...
Gorge - the first of the three Yangtze gorges. The Qutang Gorge is only 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long, but it is also the narrowest of the ThreeGorges....
the Poyang Lake basin in China, a habitat that may be altered by the ThreeGorgesDam.[needs update] The Siberian crane was formally described by Peter Simon...
Ministry of Water Resources. His vocal opposition to the proposed ThreeGorgesDam brought him to the attention of the Chairman of the CCP, Mao Zedong...
drought, sand quarrying, and the practice of storing water at the ThreeGorgesDam lowered the area of the lake to about 200 square kilometers (77 sq mi)...