The thoracicspinalnerve4 (T4) is a spinalnerve of the thoracic segment. It originates from the spinal column from below the thoracic vertebra 4 (T4)...
than those of the other thoracic vertebrae. The thoracicspinalnerve 1 (T1) passes out underneath it. The thoracicspinalnerve 2 (T2) passes out underneath...
innervates the serratus anterior muscle. The long thoracicnerve arises from the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C5, C6, and C7. The root from C7 may...
Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramen that results in pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. Symptoms may...
the spinal cord below the thoracicspinal cord and above the sacral spinal cord. They arise from the spinal cord between each pair of lumbar spinal vertebrae...
and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in) in the thoracic area. The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of nerve signals from the motor cortex...
or third lumbar nerve, and reaches its maximum size opposite the twelfth thoracicnerve. Above the level of the eight thoracicnerve its size diminishes...
31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. These nerve roots are named according to the spinal vertebrata...
merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels. There are five spinalnerve plexuses, except in the thoracic region, as well as other forms...
The phrenic nerve is a mixed motor/sensory nerve that originates from the C3-C5 spinal nerves in the neck. The nerve is important for breathing because...
heart is partially controlled by the vagus nerve and is shared by the thoracic ganglia. Vagal and spinal ganglionic nerves mediate the lowering of the...
the anterior rami of the thoracicspinal nerves from T1 to T11. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum...
spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae. There are many types of spinal fusion and each technique...
is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracicnerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1)...
vertebrae. Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracicspinal stenosis...
A spinal disc herniation is an injury to the intervertebral disc between two spinal vertebrae, usually caused by excessive strain or trauma to the spine...
and pelvis. (Paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord and arm function is retained.) The paralysis...
Sympathetic Innervation The thoracic aorta, viewed from the left side. Scheme showing structure of a typical spinalnerve. Transverse section of human...
abnormally excessive convex curvature of the spine as it occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions. Abnormal inward concave lordotic curving of the cervical...
specifically the oculomotor nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve. Three spinal nerves in the sacrum (S2–4), commonly referred to as...
the nerve and disrupt its function. In a radiculopathy, the problem occurs at or near the root of the nerve, shortly after its exit from the spinal cord...
branches of the 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal nerves, and thoracicspinalnerve4 (T4 nerve) innervates and supplies sensation to the NAC. In realizing...
diaphragm, including: left phrenic nerve pierces through the central tendon, greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnic nerves pierces through bilateral...
gives passage to a spinalnerve and spinal blood vessels, and lodges a posterior (dorsal) root ganglion.: 425 Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae...
branches of the 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal nerves, and thoracicspinalnerve4 (T4 nerve) innervates and supplies sensation to the nipple-areola complex...
intervertebral foramen, which transmit the corresponding spinalnerve and dorsal root ganglion that exit the spinal canal. From top to bottom, the vertebrae are:...
nerve fibres. An epidural may be given at a cervical, thoracic, or lumbar site, while a spinal must be injected below L2 to avoid piercing the spinal...
joints (facet syndrome). If severe, it may cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots with subsequent sensory or motor disturbances, such as pain...