This article is about the term's use in music theory. For other uses, see Thirteenth (disambiguation).
Compound interval of a major thirteenth from F to D in the next octave up
Musical interval
major thirteenth
Inverse
minor third
Name
Other names
compound sixth
Abbreviation
M13
Size
Semitones
21
Interval class
3
Cents
12-Tone equal temperament
2100.0
Minor thirteenth: F to D♭
Musical interval
minor thirteenth
Inverse
major third
Name
Abbreviation
m13
Size
Semitones
20
Interval class
4
Cents
12-Tone equal temperament
2000.0
In music or music theory, a thirteenth is the note thirteen scale degrees from the root of a chord and also the interval between the root and the thirteenth. The thirteenth is most commonly major Playⓘ or minor Playⓘ.
Dominant thirteenth extended chord: C E G B♭ D F A playⓘ. The upper structure or extensions, i.e. notes beyond the seventh, in red.
A thirteenth chord is the stacking of six (major or minor) thirds, the last being above the 11th of an eleventh chord.[1] Thus a thirteenth chord is a tertian (built from thirds) chord containing the interval of a thirteenth, and is an extended chord if it includes the ninth and/or the eleventh. "The jazzy thirteenth is a very versatile chord and is used in many genres."[2] Since 13th chords tend to become unclear or confused with other chords when inverted, they are generally found in root position.[3] For example, depending on voicing, a major triad with an added major sixth is usually called a sixth chord Playⓘ, because the sixth serves as a substitution for the major seventh, thus considered a chord tone in such context.
However, Walter Piston, writing in 1952, considered that, "a true thirteenth chord, arrived at by superposition of thirds, is a rare phenomenon even in 20th-century music."[4] This may be due to four-part writing, instrument limitations, and voice leading and stylistic considerations. For example, "to make the chord more playable [on guitar], thirteenth chords often omit the fifth and the ninth."[5]
^Benward & Saker (2009), p.360.
^Capone, Phil (2006). Guitar Chord Bible: Over 500 Illustrated Chords for Rock, Blues, Soul, Country, Jazz, and Classical, p.48. ISBN 0-7858-2083-3.
^Benward & Saker (2009). Music in Theory and Practice: Volume II, p.179. Eighth Edition. ISBN 978-0-07-310188-0.
^Piston, Walter (1952). "Harmonic Practice by Roger Sessions". Review. The Musical Quarterly. 38 (3): 463. doi:10.1093/mq/XXXVIII.3.457.
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