Some cheeses, including varieties of blue cheese, are made from thermized milk.
Thermization, also spelled thermisation, is a method of sanitizing raw milk with low heat. "Thermization is a generic description of a range of subpasteurization heat treatments (57 to 68°C × 10 to 20 s) that markedly reduce the number of spoilage bacteria in milk with minimal heat damage."[1] The process is not used on other food products,[2] and is similar to pasteurization but uses lower temperatures, allowing the milk product to retain more of its original taste.[3] In Europe, there is a distinction between cheeses made of thermized milk and raw-milk cheeses. However, the United States' Food and Drug Administration (FDA) places the same regulations on all unpasteurized cheeses. As a result, cheeses from thermized milk must be aged for 60 days or more before being sold in the United States, the same restriction placed on raw-milk cheeses by the FDA.[4]
Thermization involves heating milk at temperatures of around 145–149 °F (63–65 °C) for 15 seconds, while pasteurization involves heating milk at 160 °F (71 °C) for 15 seconds or at 145 °F (63 °C) for 30 minutes.[3] Thermization is used to extend the keeping quality of raw milk (the length of time that milk is suitable for consumption)[5] when it cannot be immediately used in other products, such as cheese. Thermization can also be used to extend the storage life of fermented milk products by inactivating microorganisms in the product.[6]
Thermization inactivates psychrotrophic bacteria in milk [6] and allows the milk to be stored below 8 °C (46 °F) for three days,[2] or stored at 0–1 °C (32–34 °F) for seven days.[7] Later, the milk may be given stronger heat treatment to be preserved longer.[2] Cooling thermized milk before reheating is necessary to delay/prevent the outgrowth of bacterial spores. When the milk is first heated, spores can begin to germinate, but their growth can be halted or delayed when the milk is refrigerated, depending on the microorganisms' growth requirements. Germinated spores are sensitive to subsequent heating, however since germination is not a homogeneous process, not all spores will germinate or be inactivated by subsequent heating.
^Hickey, D.K.; Kilcawley, K.N.; Beresford, T.P.; Wilkinson, M.G. (2007). "Lipolysis in Cheddar Cheese Made from Raw, Thermized, and Pasteurized Milks". Journal of Dairy Science. 90 (1): 47–56. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)72607-3. PMID 17183074.
^ abcBrennan, James G., ed. (2006). Food Processing Handbook. Wiley-VCH. p. 48. ISBN 978-3-527-30719-7.
^ abRich, Robert (September 5, 2003). "Keeping it raw". The Mountain View Voice. Embarcadero Publishing Company. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
^Fletcher, Janet (July 13, 2006). "Wisconsin's Buttermilk Blue adds pizazz to summer salads". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
^Baker, John C.; Van Slyke, Lucius L. (December 1, 1919). "A method for the determination of the keeping quality of milk" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 40 (2): 373. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)87250-7.
^ abSun, Da-Wen (2006). Thermal Food Processing: New Technologies and Quality Issues. CRC Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-1-57444-628-9.
^Early, Ralph (1998). The Technology of Dairy Products (2 ed.). Springer. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-7514-0344-2.
Thermization, also spelled thermisation, is a method of sanitizing raw milk with low heat. "Thermization is a generic description of a range of subpasteurization...
The therm (symbol, thm) is a non-SI unit of heat energy equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU), and approximately 105 megajoules, 29.3 kilowatt-hours...
Thermes (Greek: Θέρμες, romanized: Thérmes) is a former community in the Xanthi regional unit, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Since the 2011 local...
Therming is a technique used by woodturners to simultaneously create multiple copies of spindles and table legs. Often described as off-center spindle...
Thermic siphons (alt. thermic syphons) are heat-exchanging elements in the firebox or combustion chamber of some steam boiler and steam locomotive designs...
OpenTherm (OT) is a standard communications protocol used in central heating systems for the communication between a central heating appliances and a...
Meses Thermes (Greek: Μέσες Θερμές, romanized: Méses Thermés) is a village in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Thermes...
A thermic fluid heater is industrial heating equipment, used where only heat transfers are desired instead of pressure. In this equipment, a thermic fluid...
The Thermes de Cluny are the ruins of Gallo-Roman thermal baths lying in the heart of Paris' 5th arrondissement, and which are partly subsumed into the...
Specific dynamic action (SDA), also known as thermic effect of food (TEF) or dietary induced thermogenesis (DIT), is the amount of energy expenditure...
A thermal lance, thermic lance, oxygen lance, or burning bar is a tool that heats and melts steel in the presence of pressurized oxygen to create very...
de Thermes or de Termes (1482–1562), also Paul de Terme or Maréchal de Thermes, was a French Army Marshal ("Maréchal"). In June 1549, de Thermes was...
Les Thermes is a water park in Strassen and Bertrange, just west of Luxembourg City in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Opened in February 2009, it attracted...
Maurizio Thermes (born August 14, 1939 in Rome) is a retired Italian professional football player. His professional debut game for A.S. Roma in the 1958/59...
cost units, such as MW, MWh and $. The unit 'therm' is used to represent 100,000 Btu. A decatherm is 10 therms or one MMBtu (million Btu). The unit quad...
Hyperthermia, also known simply as overheating, is a condition in which an individual's body temperature is elevated beyond normal due to failed thermoregulation...
In thermodynamics, an exothermic process (from Ancient Greek έξω (éxō) 'outward', and θερμικός (thermikós) 'thermal') is a thermodynamic process or reaction...
respiratory illness. As of 2017, heated and humidified air, such as via RhinoTherm, is of unclear benefit. One study has found chest vapor rub to provide some...
A bolometer is a device for measuring radiant heat by means of a material having a temperature-dependent electrical resistance. It was invented in 1878...
Solar thermal energy (STE) is a form of energy and a technology for harnessing solar energy to generate thermal energy for use in industry, and in the...
efficiency reporting value (MERV) Normal temperature and pressure (NTP) OpenTherm Programmable communicating thermostat Programmable thermostat Psychrometrics...
Quantum statistical mechanics is statistical mechanics applied to quantum mechanical systems. In quantum mechanics a statistical ensemble (probability...
Global Information