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Thermal equilibrium information


Development of a thermal equilibrium in a closed system over time through a heat flow that levels out temperature differences

Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of thermal energy between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys the zeroth law of thermodynamics. A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium with itself if the temperature within the system is spatially uniform and temporally constant.

Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are always in thermal equilibrium, but the converse is not always true. If the connection between the systems allows transfer of energy as 'change in internal energy' but does not allow transfer of matter or transfer of energy as work, the two systems may reach thermal equilibrium without reaching thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Thermal equilibrium

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thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of thermal energy between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys...

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Thermodynamic equilibrium

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thermodynamic equilibrium, no macroscopic change occurs. Systems in mutual thermodynamic equilibrium are simultaneously in mutual thermal, mechanical,...

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Temperature

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is that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement helps...

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Laws of thermodynamics

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thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and forms a basis for the definition of temperature: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system...

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Zeroth law of thermodynamics

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in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then the two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other. Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium...

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Thermal conduction

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or between bodies, temperature differences decay over time, and thermal equilibrium is approached, temperature becoming more uniform. In conduction,...

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Thermodynamics

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each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement implies that thermal equilibrium is an equivalence...

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Black body

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or angle of incidence. The radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium with its environment is called black-body radiation. The name "black...

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Thermal contact

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bodies is called thermal contact conductance (or thermal contact resistance). Thermal equilibrium - When two objects A and B are in thermal contact and there...

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Heat

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states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium is transitive. It follows from this that the relation 'is in thermal equilibrium with' is transitive, which is...

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Thermal radiation

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Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by the thermal motion of particles in matter. Thermal radiation transmits as an electromagnetic...

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Radiative equilibrium

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Radiative equilibrium is the condition where the total thermal radiation leaving an object is equal to the total thermal radiation entering it. It is one...

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Equipartition theorem

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simply equipartition. The original idea of equipartition was that, in thermal equilibrium, energy is shared equally among all of its various forms; for example...

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Baryon asymmetry

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violation. C-symmetry and CP-symmetry violation. Interactions out of thermal equilibrium. Baryon number violation is a necessary condition to produce an excess...

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Langevin equation

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position (green). In particular, the late time behavior depicts thermal equilibrium. Consider a free particle of mass m {\displaystyle m} with equation...

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Thermal mass

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cooler, without reaching thermal equilibrium. This is distinct from a material's insulative value, which reduces a building's thermal conductivity, allowing...

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Thermal comfort

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engineers. Thermal neutrality is maintained when the heat generated by human metabolism is allowed to dissipate, thus maintaining thermal equilibrium with the...

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Statistical mechanics

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interpretation of thermodynamics, the H-theorem, transport theory, thermal equilibrium, the equation of state of gases, and similar subjects, occupy about...

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Quasistatic process

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composite system consisting of the two bodies is far from equilibrium, since thermal equilibrium for this composite system requires that the two bodies be...

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Thermal pollution

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Thermal pollution, sometimes called "thermal enrichment", is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. Thermal...

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Population inversion

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E_{12}=h\nu _{12},} h being Planck's constant. If the group of atoms is in thermal equilibrium, it can be shown from Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics that the ratio...

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Heat capacity

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if such systems have equal temperatures, they are at thermal equilibrium. However, this equilibrium is stable only if the systems have positive heat capacities...

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Nuclear fusion

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estimates based on side reactions that produce neutrons in a plasma in thermal equilibrium. Of course, the reactants should also be mixed in the optimal proportions...

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Thermal conductivity and resistivity

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called the thermal conductivity tensor. An implicit assumption in the above description is the presence of local thermodynamic equilibrium, which allows...

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Clothing insulation

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the amount of insulation that allows a person at rest to maintain thermal equilibrium in an environment at 21°C (70°F) in a normally ventilated room (0...

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