In solid-state physics, the thermal Hall effect, also known as the Righi–Leduc effect, named after independent co-discoverers Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc,[1] is the thermal analog of the Hall effect. Given a thermal gradient across a solid, this effect describes the appearance of an orthogonal temperature gradient when a magnetic field is applied.
For conductors, a significant portion of the thermal current is carried by the electrons. In particular, the Righi–Leduc effect describes the heat flow resulting from a perpendicular temperature gradient and vice versa. The Maggi–Righi–Leduc effect describes changes in thermal conductivity when placing a conductor in a magnetic field.[citation needed]
A thermal Hall effect has also been measured in a paramagnetic insulators, called the "phonon Hall effect".[2] In this case, there are no charged currents in the solid, so the magnetic field cannot exert a Lorentz force. An analogous thermal Hall effect for neutral particles exists in polyatomic gases, known as the Senftleben–Beenakker effect.
Measurements of the thermal Hall conductivity are used to distinguish between the electronic and lattice contributions to thermal conductivity. These measurements are especially useful when studying superconductors.[3]
^Lalena, John N.; Cleary, David A. (2010). Principles of Inorganic Materials Design (2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-470-40403-4. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
^Strohm, Cornelius; Rikken, Geert L. J. A.; Wyder, Peter (October 7, 2005). "Phenomenological Evidence for the Phonon Hall Effect". Physical Review Letters. 95 (15): 155901. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..95o5901S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.155901. PMID 16241740.
^Grissonnanche, G (July 17, 2019). "Giant thermal Hall conductivity in the pseudogap phase of cuprate superconductors". Nature. 571 (7765): 376–380. arXiv:1901.03104. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1375-0. PMID 31316196. S2CID 197542068.
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