This article is about the score by Hindemith and ballet choreographed by Balanchine. For the "four humours" in Greco-Roman medicine, see Four temperaments. For the symphony by Carl Nielsen, see Symphony No. 2 (Nielsen).
Kansas City Ballet dancers in The Four Temperaments (2015 production)
The Four Temperaments or Theme and Four Variations (The Four Temperaments)[1][2] is an orchestral work and ballet by Paul Hindemith. Although it was originally conceived as a ballet for Léonide Massine,[1] the score was ultimately completed as a commission for George Balanchine, who subsequently choreographed it as a neoclassical ballet based on the theory of the four temperaments.
The music was premiered in Switzerland by the Stadtorchester Winterthur under the direction of Hermann Scherchen on March 10, 1943.[3] However, Balanchine created the choreography a few years later. The ballet, The Four Temperaments was the first work Balanchine made for the Ballet Society, the forerunner of the New York City Ballet, and premiered on November 20, 1946, at the Central High School of Needle Trades, New York, during the Ballet Society's first performance. Though at the premiere, critics did not receive the ballet well, it was later acknowledged as a "masterpiece," and was revived by ballet companies worldwide.
^ abCorleonis, Adrian. "Paul Hindemith, Theme and Variations, 'Die vier Temperamente' (The Four Temperaments)". American Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
^Hindemith, Paul (1948). Theme and Four Variations (The Four Temperaments)(PDF). New York City: Associated Music Publishers.
^"Werkverzeichnis Paul Hindemith: Theme with four Variations". Paul Hindemith Aktuelles. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
and 24 Related for: The Four Temperaments information
using the theory of thetemperaments as a point of departure.: 253 The 19th-century French author Émile Zola used thefourtemperaments as a basis for his...
TheFourTemperaments or Theme and Four Variations (TheFourTemperaments) is an orchestral work and ballet by Paul Hindemith. Although it was originally...
mediating. The attentive Healers and the expressive Champions are the two role variants. The Rational temperament is one of thefourtemperaments defined...
importance of the qualities. An ideal temperament involved a proportionally balanced mixture of thefour qualities. Galen identified fourtemperaments in which...
delusions. Melancholy was regarded as one of thefourtemperaments matching thefour humours. Until the 18th century, doctors and other scholars classified...
of the sixteen types. Then Keirsey simplifies these sixteen types into four groups, whose archetypes he equates with the classical fourtemperaments: SP...
Look up melancholy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Melancholy may refer to: Melancholia, one of thefourtemperaments in pre-modern medicine and proto-psychology...
theory was theFourTemperaments system of Galen, based on thefour humours model of Hippocrates; an extended five temperaments system based on the classical...
non-equal well temperaments.: 66 The term "well temperament" or "good temperament" usually means some sort of irregular temperament in which the tempered fifths...
dance training at the age of five with Loyce Houlton and the Minnesota Dance Theatre. He continued his studies in Minneapolis until the age of 16, spending...
Meantone temperaments are musical temperaments, that is a variety of tuning systems, obtained by narrowing the fifths so that their ratio is slightly...
water that metaphorically made up the boundaries of ancient China Fourtemperaments – Proto-psychological theory Purple Forbidden enclosure – Chinese...
00103. In individuals the temperaments are mixed in the most diverse ways, so that it is possible only to say that one temperament or another predominates...
personality questionnaire, known as the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, which links human behavioral patterns to fourtemperaments and sixteen character types. Both...
had planned three other engravings on thefourtemperaments. He suggested instead that the "I" referred to the first of three types of melancholy defined...
Four Dwarves (Norse mythology) Four Holy Beasts Four Living Creatures Four sons of Horus Four Stags (Norse mythology) Four Symbols Fourtemperaments Guardians...
known and unknown brands. Participants were shown the same product in four different colors and brands. The results showed that people picked packages based...
conceptions of personality, such as theTemperament and Character Inventory have suggested four basic temperaments that are thought to reflect basic and...
understanding personality types using the colors blue, gold, orange and green to represent four basic personality temperaments. The 16PF Questionnaire (16PF) was...
Waltz Academy (1944) Theme and Variations (1947) TheFourTemperaments (1946) L'enfant et Les Sortilèges (The Spellbound Child) (1946) Haieff Divertimento...
with thefourtemperaments: St. John: sanguine St. Peter: phlegmatic St. Mark: choleric St. Paul: melancholic TheFour Apostles was created during the Reformation...
Schlemmer (1923) Nobilissima Visione, with Léonide Massine (1938) TheFourTemperaments (scored for piano and strings) (1940) Hérodiade, with Martha Graham...
equal temperaments, all of which can be spanned with only a single generator, though they don't have to be integer-based equal temperaments. The non-octave...
Global Information