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The Four Columns information


The re-erected Four Columns

The Four Columns ("Les Quatre Columnes" in Catalan) are four Ionic columns originally created by Josep Puig i Cadafalch in Barcelona, Spain. They were erected in 1919, where the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc now stands.

They symbolized the four stripes of the Catalan senyera, and they were intended to become one of the main icons of Catalanism. Because of this, they were demolished in 1928 during Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, when all public Catalanist symbols were systematically removed in order to avoid their being noticed during the 1929 Universal Exposition, which was to take place on Montjuïc.

Moreover, for these same political motives, Poble Espanyol (Spanish Village in Catalan), on the same hill, was the name given to the open-air museum formerly to be named Iberona – in homage to the Iberians, the first inhabitants of what is now Catalonia, Spain. Analogously for the nearby Plaça d'Espanya.

In 1999, the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) commissioned the renowned Valencian sculptor Andreu Alfaro to create four similar columns for its Bellaterra Campus. In contrast to the original columns which were 20m high, these spiral up, 25 to 40 metres (82 to 131 ft) in height, in red granite.[1]

  1. ^ "Les Columnes de la UAB" Archived 1 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, article in Catalan on the UAB website.

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The Four Columns

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The Four Columns ("Les Quatre Columnes" in Catalan) are four Ionic columns originally created by Josep Puig i Cadafalch in Barcelona, Spain. They were...

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Fifth column

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to take Madrid with four columns?; No, I do no have four; it is five the number of columns I have, because there is a fifth column in Madrid.', Carrillo...

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Column

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the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns"...

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Victory column

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the female embodiment Britannia, an eagle, or a war hero. Of the columns listed above, the following are the Roman columns. Roman triumphal columns were...

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Portico

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porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls...

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Oecus

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ceiling with columns; thus, according to Vitruvius, the tetrastyle oecus had four columns; in the Corinthian oecus there was a row of columns on each side...

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Sikidy

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its four columns and four rows). The last four columns (12–16) of the toetry are derived from the algorithmically-generated columns, with column 16 operating...

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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Declaration forms the four columns. The first column (articles 3–11) constitutes rights of the individual, such as the right to life and the prohibition of...

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Andrea Palladio

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Corinthian columns surrounded a main court. The Palazzo Antonini in Udine, constructed in 1556, had a centralized hall with four columns and service...

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Jacob ben Asher

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referred to as the Ba'al ha-Turim ("Master of the Columns"), after his main work in halakha (Jewish law), the Arba'ah Turim ("Four Columns"). He was probably...

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Emilio Mola

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Mola commanded the Nationalists in the north of Spain, while Franco operated in the south. Attempting to take Madrid with his four columns, Mola praised...

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Pancho Villa Expedition

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Pershing dispatched four additional "flying columns" through the mountainous territory into the gaps between the original three columns. Persistent winter...

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Connect Four

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draw when the first player starts in the columns adjacent to the center. For the edges of the game board, column 1 and 2 on left (or column 7 and 6 on...

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Salsa20

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to each of the four columns in the 4×4 matrix, and even-numbered rounds apply it to each of the four rows. Two consecutive rounds (column-round and row-round)...

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Eiffel Tower

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5 in) in the wind. The four columns of the tower each house access stairs and elevators to the first two floors, while at the south column only the elevator...

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Temple of Portunus

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free-standing, while the remaining five columns on the long sides and the four columns at the rear are half-columns engaged along the walls of the cella. This...

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Four Eagles

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Four Eagles is a series of four columns, each topped with sculptures of eagles, installed in Brooklyn's Grand Army Plaza, in the U.S. state of New York...

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The Holme

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contained in a basement. The entrance is under an Ionic-style portico and pediments. It has a bow or rotunda decorated by four columns; the bow is surmounted...

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Ancient Greek temple

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all four sides, sometimes with further rows of columns at the front and back. A pseudodipteros has engaged columns in the inner row of columns at the sides...

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Santa Maria Novella

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pediment with the Dominican solar emblem, and flanked on both sides by enormous S-curved volutes. The four columns with Corinthian capitals on the lower part...

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Sylvan Grove Theater and Columns

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portico with four Ionic columns made of hand-fluted cedar. In 1908, as the building was about to be demolished, Edmond S. Meany saved the columns, intending...

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Simplified Technical English

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The table that follows is an extract from a page of the ASD-STE100 dictionary: Explanation of the four columns: Word (part of speech) – This column has...

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Lally column

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reciprocating saw. Lally columns are generally not as strong or durable as conventional structural steel columns. The term "lally column" is sometimes incorrectly...

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Peripteros

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surrounded by a portico with columns. It is surrounded by a colonnade (pteron) on all four sides of the cella (naos), creating a four-sided arcade, or peristyle...

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Baldachin

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Jerusalem. The lowest parts of the four columns of Bernini's Baldachin have a helical groove, and the middle and upper sections of the columns are covered...

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Jain symbols

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liberation is symbolized by the crescent and dot at the top of the svastika. It also represents the four columns of the Jain Sangha: sadhus, sadhvis...

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