The Four Columns ("Les Quatre Columnes" in Catalan) are four Ionic columns originally created by Josep Puig i Cadafalch in Barcelona, Spain. They were erected in 1919, where the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc now stands.
They symbolized the four stripes of the Catalan senyera, and they were intended to become one of the main icons of Catalanism. Because of this, they were demolished in 1928 during Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, when all public Catalanist symbols were systematically removed in order to avoid their being noticed during the 1929 Universal Exposition, which was to take place on Montjuïc.
Moreover, for these same political motives, Poble Espanyol (Spanish Village in Catalan), on the same hill, was the name given to the open-air museum formerly to be named Iberona – in homage to the Iberians, the first inhabitants of what is now Catalonia, Spain. Analogously for the nearby Plaça d'Espanya.
In 1999, the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) commissioned the renowned Valencian sculptor Andreu Alfaro to create four similar columns for its Bellaterra Campus. In contrast to the original columns which were 20m high, these spiral up, 25 to 40 metres (82 to 131 ft) in height, in red granite.[1]
^"Les Columnes de la UAB" Archived 1 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, article in Catalan on the UAB website.
TheFourColumns ("Les Quatre Columnes" in Catalan) are four Ionic columns originally created by Josep Puig i Cadafalch in Barcelona, Spain. They were...
to take Madrid with fourcolumns?; No, I do no have four; it is five the number of columns I have, because there is a fifth column in Madrid.', Carrillo...
the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns"...
the female embodiment Britannia, an eagle, or a war hero. Of thecolumns listed above, the following are the Roman columns. Roman triumphal columns were...
its fourcolumns and four rows). The last fourcolumns (12–16) of the toetry are derived from the algorithmically-generated columns, with column 16 operating...
porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls...
ceiling with columns; thus, according to Vitruvius, the tetrastyle oecus had fourcolumns; in the Corinthian oecus there was a row of columns on each side...
Declaration forms thefourcolumns. The first column (articles 3–11) constitutes rights of the individual, such as the right to life and the prohibition of...
draw when the first player starts in thecolumns adjacent to the center. For the edges of the game board, column 1 and 2 on left (or column 7 and 6 on...
The table that follows is an extract from a page of the ASD-STE100 dictionary: Explanation of thefourcolumns: Word (part of speech) – This column has...
Mola commanded the Nationalists in the north of Spain, while Franco operated in the south. Attempting to take Madrid with his fourcolumns, Mola praised...
Pershing dispatched four additional "flying columns" through the mountainous territory into the gaps between the original three columns. Persistent winter...
Four Eagles is a series of fourcolumns, each topped with sculptures of eagles, installed in Brooklyn's Grand Army Plaza, in the U.S. state of New York...
all four sides, sometimes with further rows of columns at the front and back. A pseudodipteros has engaged columns in the inner row of columns at the sides...
to each of thefourcolumns in the 4×4 matrix, and even-numbered rounds apply it to each of thefour rows. Two consecutive rounds (column-round and row-round)...
referred to as the Ba'al ha-Turim ("Master of theColumns"), after his main work in halakha (Jewish law), the Arba'ah Turim ("FourColumns"). He was probably...
free-standing, while the remaining five columns on the long sides and thefourcolumns at the rear are half-columns engaged along the walls of the cella. This...
pediment with the Dominican solar emblem, and flanked on both sides by enormous S-curved volutes. Thefourcolumns with Corinthian capitals on the lower part...
these columns remain part of the structure of St. Peter's. Two columns were placed below the pendentives on each of thefour piers beneath the dome. Another...
contained in a basement. The entrance is under an Ionic-style portico and pediments. It has a bow or rotunda decorated by fourcolumns; the bow is surmounted...
reciprocating saw. Lally columns are generally not as strong or durable as conventional structural steel columns. The term "lally column" is sometimes incorrectly...
surrounded by a portico with columns. It is surrounded by a colonnade (pteron) on all four sides of the cella (naos), creating a four-sided arcade, or peristyle...
Jerusalem. The lowest parts of thefourcolumns of Bernini's Baldachin have a helical groove, and the middle and upper sections of thecolumns are covered...
design with detached columns was first used for the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum (which stands at the end of the triumph route) and repeated...
Address Patterns (RAP) columns and aligned to them Data columns encoded in "417" sequence which was invented in 1990. In 2006, the standard was registered...
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