Tetraspanins have four transmembrane domains, two extracellular loops and contain a series of highly conserved amino acid residues.
Identifiers
Symbol
Tetraspanin
Pfam
PF00335
Pfam clan
CL0347
InterPro
IPR000301
PROSITE
PDOC00371
SCOP2
1iv5 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB
8.A.40
OPM superfamily
327
OPM protein
5tcx
CDD
cd03127
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Hypothetical model of the tetraspanin function
Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes also referred to as the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins. These proteins have four transmembrane alpha-helices and two extracellular domains, one short (called the small extracellular domain or loop, SED/SEL or EC1) and one longer, typically 100 amino acid residues (the large extracellular domain/loop, LED/LEL or EC2). Although several protein families have four transmembrane alpha-helices, tetraspanins are defined by conserved amino acid sequences including four or more cysteine residues in the EC2 domain, with two in a highly conserved 'CCG' motif. Tetraspanins are often thought to act as scaffolding proteins, anchoring multiple proteins to one area of the cell membrane.[1]
Tetraspanins are highly conserved between species. Some tetraspanins can have N-linked glycosylations on the long extracellular loop (LEL, EC2) and palmitoylations at a CXXC motif in their transmembrane region.[2]
There are 34 tetraspanins in mammals, 33 of which have also been identified in humans. Tetraspanins display numerous properties that indicate their physiological importance in cell adhesion, motility, activation, and proliferation, as well as their contribution to pathological conditions such as metastasis or viral infection.
A role for tetraspanins in platelets was demonstrated by the bleeding phenotypes of CD151- and TSSC6-deficient mice, which exhibit impaired "outside-in" signalling through αIIbβ3, the major platelet integrin. it is hypothesized that tetraspanins interact with and regulate other platelet receptors.[3]
^Wright MD, Tomlinson MG (1994). "The ins and outs of the transmembrane 4 superfamily". Immunol. Today. 15 (12): 588–94. doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90222-4. PMID 7531445.
^Goschnick MW, Lau LM, Wee JL, Liu YS, Hogarth PM, Robb LM, Hickey MJ, Wright MD, Jackson DE (2006). "Impaired "outside-in" integrin alphaIIbbeta3 signaling and thrombus stability in TSSC6-deficient mice". Blood. 108 (6): 1911–8. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-004267. PMID 16720835.
Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes also referred to as the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins...
Tetraspanin 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN10 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182612 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl...
Tetraspanin 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN18 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157570 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl...
throughout the tetraspanin family. Also containing distinct palmitoylation sites that allows CD9 to interact with lipids and other proteins. Tetraspanin proteins...
Tetraspanin 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN9 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
main elements: integrin α6β4, plectin in its isoform 1a, i. e. P1a, tetraspanin protein CD151, BPAG1e, or bullous pemphigoid antigen isoform e, and BPAG2...
gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized...
surface protein, TAPA-1 (Target of the Antiproliferative Antibody 1), and Tetraspanin-28 (Tspan-28). The gene is located on the plus strand of the short arm...
Tetraspanin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
Tetraspanin-12 (Tspan-12) also known as tetraspan NET-2 (NET2) or transmembrane 4 superfamily member 12 (TM4SF12) is a tetraspanin protein that in humans...
multimolecular complex including CD21 (CR2, a complement receptor), TAPA-1 (a tetraspanin membrane protein), and CD225. The CD19/CD21 complex arises from C3d binding...
gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized...
gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized...
Tetraspanin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN8 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
proteins such as LAMP1, LAMP2, GNS/N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, TSPAN6/tetraspanin-6, PSAP/prosaposin, and TMEM192/transmembrane protein 192 may contribute...
Tetraspanin 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN14 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000108219 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl...
Tetraspanin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
Tetraspanin-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN13 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
vesicles (e.g., exosomes and exomeres) from human blood plasma by targeting tetraspanins and integrins found on the surface of the EVs. Immunoaffinity chromatography...
et al. (December 2009). "Evaluation of Echinococcus multilocularis tetraspanins as vaccine candidates against primary alveolar echinococcosis". Vaccine...
Tetraspanin-32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN32 gene. This gene is described as a member of the tetraspanin superfamily whose expression...
Tetraspanin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN6 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
Tetraspanin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
of unique molecules can also be measured in the population, such as tetraspanins, phosphatidylserine, or species of RNA. It has been proposed that purity...
Tetraspanin-31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSPAN31 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily...
Le Naour F, Labas V, et al. (2003). "EWI-2 is a new component of the tetraspanin web in hepatocytes and lymphoid cells". Biochem. J. 373 (Pt 2): 409–21...
CD8b T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 beta chain. CD9 a member of the Tetraspanin superfamily expressed in a variety of cells, including: pre B cells,...
gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized...
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