Global InformationBird of prey information
| Birds of prey | |
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| Montage of extant raptors. From top left to right: Eurasian eagle-owl, king vulture, peregrine falcon, golden eagle and bearded vulture | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Passerea |
| Clade: | Telluraves |
| Groups included | |
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| Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa | |
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Birds of prey or predatory birds, also known as raptors, are hypercarnivorous bird species that actively hunt and feed on other vertebrates (mainly mammals, reptiles and other smaller birds). In addition to speed and strength, these predators have keen eyesight for detecting prey from a distance or during flight, strong feet with sharp talons for grasping or killing prey, and powerful, curved beaks for tearing off flesh.[1][2][3] Although predatory birds primarily hunt live prey, many species (such as fish eagles, vultures and condors) also scavenge and eat carrion.[1]
Although the term "bird of prey" could theoretically be taken to include all birds that actively hunt and eat other animals,[3] ornithologists typically use the narrower definition followed in this page,[4] excluding many piscivorous predators such as storks, herons, gulls, skuas, penguins and kingfishers, as well as many primarily insectivorous birds such as passerines (e.g. shrikes), nightjars and frogmouths. Some extinct predatory birds had talons similar to those of modern birds of prey, including mousebird relatives (Sandcoleidae),[5] Messelasturidae and some Enantiornithes,[6] indicating possible convergent evolution in some cases, and common descent in others.
- ^ a b Perrins, Christopher M; Middleton, Alex L. A., eds. (1984). The Encyclopaedia of Birds. Guild Publishing. p. 102.
- ^ Fowler, Denver W.; Freedman, Elizabeth A.; Scannella, John B.; Pizzari, Tom (25 November 2009). "Predatory Functional Morphology in Raptors: Interdigital Variation in Talon Size Is Related to Prey Restraint and Immobilisation Technique". PLOS ONE. 4 (11): e7999. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7999F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007999. PMC 2776979. PMID 19946365.
- ^ a b Burton, Philip (1989). Birds of Prey. illustrated by Boyer, Trevor; Ellis, Malcolm; Thelwell, David. Gallery Books. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8317-6381-7.
- ^ "World Book". www.worldbookonline.com. Retrieved 2023-10-05. https://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar752148
- ^ Mayr, Gerald (19 April 2018). "New data on the anatomy and palaeobiology of sandcoleid mousebirds (Aves, Coliiformes) from the early Eocene of Messel". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 98 (4): 639–651. Bibcode:2018PdPe...98..639M. doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0328-1. S2CID 134450324.
- ^ Xing, Lida; McKellar, Ryan C.; O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Niu, Kecheng; Mai, Huijuan (29 October 2019). "A mid-Cretaceous enantiornithine foot and tail feather preserved in Burmese amber". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 15513. Bibcode:2019NatSR...915513X. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51929-9. PMC 6820775. PMID 31664115.