Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.[2] Symptoms may include a lump in the testicle or swelling or pain in the scrotum.[2] Treatment may result in infertility.[2]
Risk factors include an undescended testis, family history of the disease, and previous history of testicular cancer.[5] More than 95% are germ cell tumors which are divided into seminomas and non-seminomas.[8] Other types include sex-cord stromal tumors and lymphomas.[4] Diagnosis is typically based on a physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests.[2] Surgical removal of the testicle with examination under a microscope is then done to determine the type.[2]
Testicular cancer is highly treatable and usually curable.[5] Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation.[2] Even in cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate greater than 80%.[4]
Globally testicular cancer affected about 686,000 people in 2015.[6] That year it resulted in 9,400 deaths up from 7,000 deaths in 1990.[7][9] Rates are lower in the developing than the developed world.[10] Onset most commonly occurs in males 20 to 34 years old, rarely before 15 years old.[3][11] The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 95%.[3] Outcomes are better when the disease remains localized.[3]
^ abFerri FF (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1253. ISBN 9780323529570.
^ abcdefghi"Testicular Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 7 July 2016.
^ abcde"Cancer of the Testis - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
^ abcd"Testicular Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
^ abGBD Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence C (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)
^ abGBD Mortality and Causes of Death C (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)
^Enhorn LH (2020). "190. Testicular cancer". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 1335–1337. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1.
^GBD Mortality and Causes of Death C (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442. {{cite journal}}: |first= has generic name (help)
^"Testicular cancer incidence statistics". Cancer Research UK. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
^Hayes-Lattin B, Nichols CR (October 2009). "Testicular Cancer: A Prototypic Tumor of Young Adults". Seminars in Oncology. 36 (5): 432–438. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.07.006. PMC 2796329. PMID 19835738.
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majority of people who have been diagnosed. Testicular microlithiasis is not associated with risk of testicularcancer in asymptomatic individuals. However,...
S2CID 20495296. "Testicular Cancer Survival Rates". American Cancer Society. Travis, LB (4 August 2010). "Testicularcancer survivorship: research strategies...
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risk for testicularcancer (germ cell neoplasia in situ within the atrophic tubules). Patients are at increased risk for the development of cancer and atrophy...
skin cancer, oral cancer, lung cancer, or prostate cancer in men under 75. Routine screening is not recommended for bladder cancer, testicularcancer, ovarian...
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and testes. The presenting features may be a palpable testicular mass or asymmetric testicular enlargement in some cases. The tumour may present as signs...
associated conditions that can be due to other causes such as testicularcancer or testicular torsion: Unusual lump Sudden pain Dull aching pain or feeling...
drug was pivotal in the cure of testicularcancer. Subsequently, Eve Wiltshaw and others at the Institute of Cancer Research in the United Kingdom extended...
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