The ten principal disciples were the main disciples of Gautama Buddha.[1] Depending on the scripture, the disciples included in this group vary. In many Mahāyāna discourses, these ten disciples are mentioned, but in differing order.[2][3][1] The ten disciples can be found as an iconographic group in notable places in the Mogao Caves. They are mentioned in Chinese texts from the fourth century BCE until the twelfth century CE, and are the most honored of the groups of disciples, especially so in China and Central Asia.[1] The ten disciples are mentioned in the Mahāyāna text Vimalakīrti-nideśa, among others. In this text, they are called the "Ten Wise Ones" (pinyin: shih-che), a term which is normally used for the disciples of Confucius.[4]
^ abcTambiah 1984, p. 22.
^Nishijima & Cross 2008, p. 32 note 119.
^Keown 2004, p. 298.
^Mather 1968, p. 72 note 34.
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