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Temperature gradient information


A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature spatial gradient is a vector quantity with dimension of temperature difference per unit length. The SI unit is kelvin per meter (K/m).

Temperature gradients in the atmosphere are important in the atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields).

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Temperature gradient

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A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular...

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Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis

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Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) are forms of electrophoresis which use either a temperature...

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Geothermal gradient

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Geothermal gradient is the rate of change in temperature with respect to increasing depth in Earth's interior. As a general rule, the crust temperature rises...

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Thermoacoustic heat engine

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pump is given by the temperature gradient operator, which is the mean temperature gradient divided by the critical temperature gradient. I = ∇ T m ∇ T c r...

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Thermoelectric effect

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creating a temperature difference. At the atomic scale, an applied temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side...

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San Francisco fog

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until the following morning when the cycle repeats. A land/sea temperature-pressure gradient is not always necessary to drive the marine layer and low clouds...

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Radiation zone

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base of the convection zone. In a radiative zone, the temperature gradient—the change in temperature (T) as a function of radius (r)—is given by: d T ( r...

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Thermal stress

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variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things...

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Thermal wind

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For instance, the thermal wind associated with pole-to-equator temperature gradients is the primary physical explanation for the jet stream in the upper...

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Lowest temperature recorded on Earth

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Antarctic where surface temperatures drop to approximately −98 °C (−144 °F; 175 K). Due to the very strong temperature gradient near the surface, these...

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Thermal conduction

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conductivity, and is denoted k. Heat spontaneously flows along a temperature gradient (i.e. from a hotter body to a colder body). For example, heat is...

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Temperature measurement

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a temperature gradient, so the measured temperature is different from the actual temperature of the system. In such a case the measured temperature will...

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Microscale thermophoresis

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thermophoresis, the directed movement of particles in a microscopic temperature gradient. Any change of the chemical microenvironment of the fluorescent probe...

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Hydrothermal synthesis

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an autoclave, in which a nutrient is supplied along with water. A temperature gradient is maintained between the opposite ends of the growth chamber. At...

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Gradient

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which the temperature rises most quickly, moving away from (x, y, z). The magnitude of the gradient will determine how fast the temperature rises in that...

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Thermoelectric generator

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thermal gradient formed between two different conductors can produce electricity. At the heart of the thermoelectric effect is the fact that a temperature gradient...

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Mirage

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arrangement is called a temperature inversion, since warm air above cold air is the opposite of the normal temperature gradient of the atmosphere during...

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Thermal conductivity and resistivity

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the thermal conductivity, and ∇ T {\displaystyle \nabla T} is the temperature gradient. This is known as Fourier's Law for heat conduction. Although commonly...

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Spatial gradient

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science Density gradient Pressure gradient Temperature gradient Geothermal gradient Sound speed gradient Wind gradient Lapse rate Grade (slope) Time derivative...

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Pressure gradient

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Isobar Geopotential height Geostrophic wind Primitive equations Temperature gradient Conner A. Perrine (1967) The nature and theory of the general circulation...

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Heat

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non-equilibrium processes, it is desired to consider the effect of a temperature gradient established by the surroundings across the system of interest when...

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Atmospheric refraction

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the amount of atmospheric refraction is a function of the temperature gradient, temperature, pressure, and humidity (the amount of water vapor, which...

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Logarithmic mean temperature difference

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q(z)=U(T_{2}(z)-T_{1}(z))=U\;\Delta T(z)} The heat that leaves the fluids causes a temperature gradient according to Fourier's law: d T 1 d z = k a ( T 1 ( z ) − T 2 ( z...

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Wind gradient

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wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient or wind velocity gradient, or alternatively shear wind, is the vertical component of the gradient of...

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Sublimatory

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sophisticated variants of sublimation apparatus include those that apply a temperature gradient so as to allow for controlled recrystallization of different fractions...

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Thermophoresis

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different particle types exhibit different responses to the force of a temperature gradient. This phenomenon tends to move light molecules to hot regions and...

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Thermometer

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that measures temperature (the degree of hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer...

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