Taipoxin is a potent myo- and neurotoxin that was isolated from the venom of the coastal taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus or also known as the common taipan.[1] Taipoxin like many other pre-synaptic neurotoxins are phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxins, which inhibit/complete block the release of the motor transmitter acetylcholine and lead to death by paralysis of the respiratory muscles (asphyxia).[2] It is the most lethal neurotoxin isolated from any snake venom to date.
The molecular mass of the heterotrimer is about 46,000 Dalton; comprising 1:1:1 α, β and γ monomers.[3] Median lethal dose (LD50) for mice is around 1–2 μg/kg (subcutaneous injection).[4][1]
^ abFohlman J, Eaker D, Karlsoon E, Thesleff S (September 1976). "Taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the australian snake taipan (Oxyuranus s. scutellatus). Isolation, characterization, quaternary structure and pharmacological properties". European Journal of Biochemistry. 68 (2): 457–69. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10833.x. PMID 976268.
^Silva A, Hodgson WC, Isbister GK (October 2016). "Cross-Neutralisation of In Vitro Neurotoxicity of Asian and Australian Snake Neurotoxins and Venoms by Different Antivenoms". Toxins. 8 (10): 302. doi:10.3390/toxins8100302. PMC 5086662. PMID 27763543.
^Alomone labs: Taipoxin (pdf)
^Rossetto O, Morbiato L, Caccin P, Rigoni M, Montecucco C (June 2006). "Presynaptic enzymatic neurotoxins". Journal of Neurochemistry. 97 (6): 1534–45. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03965.x. PMID 16805767. S2CID 22678139.
Taipoxin is a potent myo- and neurotoxin that was isolated from the venom of the coastal taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus or also known as the common taipan...
neuronal pentraxins. Neuronal pentraxin (NP) receptor binds to taipoxin and taipoxin-associated calcium-binding protein 49 via NP1 and NP2". J. Biol...
rat NP1 gene which encodes a binding protein for the snake venom toxin taipoxin. Human NPTX1 mRNA is exclusively localized to the nervous system. GRCh38:...
neuronal pentraxins. Neuronal pentraxin (NP) receptor binds to taipoxin and taipoxin-associated calcium-binding protein 49 via NP1 and NP2". J. Biol...
After one hour of inoculation of these toxins, including notexin and taipoxin, many of the affected nerve terminals show signs of irreversible physical...
neuronal uptake of synaptic material and the presynaptic snake venom toxin, taipoxin. Studies in rat indicate that translation of this mRNA initiates at a non-AUG...
contains primarily taicatoxin, a highly potent neurotoxin, along with taipoxin, which has an LD50 of 2 μg/kg. 124 μg of the latter can kill a healthy...
2000). "The neurotoxicity of the venom phospholipases A(2), notexin and taipoxin". Experimental Neurology. 161 (2): 517–526. doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7275...
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