Tabnit (Phoenician: π€π€π€π€ TBNT) was the Phoenician King of Sidon c. 549β539 BC.[1] He was the father of King Eshmunazar II.
He is well known from his sarcophagus, decorated with two separate and unrelated inscriptions β one in Egyptian hieroglyphics and one in Phoenician script. It was created in the 6th century BC, and was unearthed in 1887 by Osman Hamdi Bey at the Ayaa Necropolis near Sidon together with the Alexander Sarcophagus and other related sarcophagi. Tabnit's body was found floating in the original embalming fluid and almost perfectly preserved, save for the face and neck which were not submerged, but Bey's men spilled all the fluid and left the body to rot in the desert sun, at which point it quickly decomposed to little more than bones and withered viscera.[2][3] Both the sarcophagus and Tabnit's decomposed skeleton are now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums.[4]
The sarcophagus, together with the Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II, was possibly acquired by the Sidonians following their participation in the Battle of Pelusium (525 BC),[5] and served as models for later Phoenician sarcophagi.[6]
^Elayi 2006.
^Torrey 1902, pp. 168β9 (footnote): "When the sarcophagus of Tabnit was exhumed, in the year 1887, and the lid was removed, the body of the king was found to be in a very good state of preservation. It was lying in a brownish-colored, somewhat "oily" fluid, which nearly filled the sarcophagus. The eyes were gone; the nose, lips, and the most prominent part of the thorax, which had not been covered by the liquid, had decayed away; in other respects, however, the corpse was like that of a man only recently buried. It was but slightly emaciated; plenty of flesh remained on both face and limbs, and the skin was soft to the touch. The vital organs and viscera had not been removed (a note-worthy circumstance), and were perfectly preserved. Dr. Shibly Abela, of Sidon, a physician of education and experience, remarked that the face showed traces of small-pox; it was not apparent, however, that the king had died of that disease. The color of the skin was described as somewhat "coppery," the tinge being perhaps due to the influence of some substance, or substances, held in solution by the enveloping fluid. The fluid itself may have been partly, or even wholly, rain-water, which finds its way into most of the tombs about Sidon; but in any case it is evident, from the facts just given, that the body of the king had been skilfully embalmed. I do not know that any similar case has ever been observed and reported. After the body had been removed from the sarcophagus and exposed to the sun. it decomposed and shrunk to withered skin and bones in a very short time. My chief authority for these facts is the Rev. William K. Eddy, of Sidon, a keen observer and cautious reporter, who was one of the few who saw and touched the body of Tabnit when it was first exposed to view. Mr. Eddy was positive in his opinion that the king, at the time of his death, had not passed middle life; the face, he thought, was that of a man of less than fifty years of age."
^Gubel, Eric (2003), "PhΓΆnizische Anthropoide Sarkophage by Katja Lembke", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 332: 98β100, doi:10.2307/1357812, JSTOR 1357812
^Δ°stanbul Archaeological Museums
^Nitschke 2007, p. 71: "Three of these Egyptian sarcophagi manufactured during the twenty-sixth dynasty were apparently acquired by the Sidonians, perhaps as a result of Phoenician participation in Cambysesβ conquest of Egypt in 525 B.C."
Sidon Tabnit (Phoenician: π€π€π€π€ TBNT) was the Phoenician King of Sidon c.β 549β539 BC. He was the father of King Eshmunazar II. He is well known from...
The Tabnit sarcophagus is the sarcophagus of the Phoenician King of Sidon Tabnit (ruled c. 549β539 BC), the father of King Eshmunazar II. It is decorated...
She was the daughter of Eshmunazar I, and the wife of her brother, Tabnit. When Tabnit died, Amoashtart became co-regent to her then-infant son, Eshmunazar...
Addumu 680β677 BC Abdi-Milkutti c.β 575β550 BC Eshmunazar I c.β 549β539 BC Tabnit I c.β 539β525 BC Eshmunazar II; Amoashtart (Amastoreth, interregnum until...
panel from way to Ishtar Gate Porphyry sarcophagi of Byzantine emperors Tabnit sarcophagus in Diorite from the Royal necropolis of Ayaa in Sidon Siloam...
outside Egypt, with the other two belonging to Eshmunazar's father King Tabnit and to a woman, possibly Eshmunazar's mother Queen Amoashtart, it was likely...
Standard Phoenician Sarcophagus inscription of Tabnit of Sidon, 5th century BC Text Transcription Transliteration π€π€π€ π€π€π€π€ π€π€π€ π€π€π€π€π€ π€π€π€...
the Ahiram sarcophagus inscription, the sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II, the Tabnit sarcophagus, the Kilamuwa inscription, the Cippi of Melqart, and the other...
Color reconstruction of Achaemenid cavalry on the Alexander Sarcophagus Tabnit sarcophagus Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon Ancient Greece: From the Archaic...
anthropoid sarcophagi of Sidonian kings Eshmunazar II and that of his father Tabnit were manufactured around the time of the Achaemenid conquest of Egypt. Similar...
The text is considered to have a "remarkable" similarity to that of the Tabnit sarcophagus from Sidon. The inscribed lintel was found by French archaeologist...
dynasty. Eshmunazar's heir was his son Tabnit, who fathered Eshmunazar II from his sister Amoashtart. Tabnit died before the birth of Eshmunazar II,...
(Ottoman era) Kfar Beit Kitbuqa Zimredda (Sidon mayor) Amarna letter EA 144 Tabnit sarcophagus Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II Abdashtart I Evagoras II Abdalonymus...
1887. The Lycian sarcophagus was the lowest tomb in the Sidon necropolis. Tabnit sarcophagus Alexander Sarcophagus Wikimedia Commons has media related to...
[citation needed] Main rulers under the Achaemenid Empire: Eshmunazar II Tabnit Baalshillem II Abdashtart I Tennes Persian style two-headed bull protome...
βan uninterrupted series from primitive Ionian art to Byzantine artβ; the Tabnit sarcophagus showcased Egyptian funerary art, subsequently adapted into Phoenicians...
of Byblos 661 Ahiram of Byblos Tabnit sarcophagus 2.56 The Sarcophagus Inscription of Tabnit, King of Sidon 662 Tabnit of Sidon Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar...
such as Eshmunazar I and his son Tabnit I, included "priest of ΚΏAΕ‘tart" as part of their royal titulatory, and while Tabnit I's son, Eshmunazar II, who died...
and Shoshenq I (943β922 BC, 22nd dynasty). Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II Tabnit sarcophagus Merneptah Stele Wimmer, Stefan Jakob [in German] (2002). "A...
and Khensa Shebitku and his half-sister Arty Amoashtart and her brother Tabnit Artemisia II of Caria and her full brother Mausolus Ada of Caria and her...
Eshmunazar II succeeded his father Tabnit I who ruled for a short time and died before the birth of his son. Tabnit I was succeeded by his sister-wife...
in the funerary inscriptions engraved on the royal sarcophagi of his son Tabnit I and his grandson Eshmunazar II. The monarch's name is also attested in...
marble inscription 1 1957 500 BCE Byblos National Museum of Beirut 280 Tabnit sarcophagus 1 1887 500 BC Sidon Museum of the Ancient Orient 13 R 1202 417...
Sidon Tennes (Ancient Greek: Ξ€ΞΞ½Ξ½Ξ·Ο; Tabnit II in the Phoenician language) was a King of Sidon under the Achaemenid Empire, who ruled the Phoenician city-state...
discovered in Byblos (in today's Lebanon) in the 19th century. Like the Tabnit sarcophagus from Sidon, it is decorated with two separate and unrelated...
Egyptian influence. The sarcophagi of Sidonian kings Eshmunazzar II and Tabnit reveal that Phoenician royalty adopted Egyptian burial customs. Phoenician...
(23Β mi) southeast of Sidon in Lebanon. Kfar Tebnit takes its name from Tabnit, a Phoenician ruler in the area ca. 280 BC known as the "king of two Sidons"...
dynasty. Eshmunazar's heir was his son Tabnit, who fathered Eshmunazar II from his sister Amoashtart. Tabnit died before the birth of Eshmunazar II,...