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Swiss neutrality is one of the main principles of Switzerland's foreign policy which dictates that Switzerland is not to be involved in armed conflicts between other states.[1] This policy is self-imposed and designed to ensure external security and promote peace.[2]
Switzerland has the oldest policy of military neutrality in the world;[3] it has not participated in a foreign war since its neutrality was established by the Treaty of Paris in 1815, although the country did have a civil war in 1847.
Although the European powers (Austria, France, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, Spain and Sweden) agreed at the Congress of Vienna in May 1815 that Switzerland should be neutral, final ratification was delayed until after Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated so that some coalition forces could invade France via Swiss territory.[4]
The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation; it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002.[5] It pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world.[6][7]
On February 28, 2022, Switzerland imposed economic sanctions on Russia and froze a significant amount of assets held by Russian civilians and companies as "punishment" for the invasion of Ukraine. This was described by some as "a sharp deviation from the country's traditional neutrality."[8] According to Swiss president Ignazio Cassis in 2022 during a World Economic Forum speech, the laws of neutrality for Switzerland are based on The Hague agreement principles which include "no participation in wars; international cooperation but no membership in any military alliance; no provision of troops or weapons to warring parties and no granting of transition rights".[9]
^"Domestic Politics and Neutrality (Switzerland) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)". encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net.
^"Neutrality remains a core principle". SWI swissinfo.ch.
^List of Neutral Countries. Adducation. 2016. Downloaded Sep. 17, 2017.
^Thomas Fleiner; Alexander Misic; Nicole Töpperwien (5 August 2005). Swiss Constitutional Law. Kluwer Law International. p. 28. ISBN 978-9041124043.
^"Moving towards the UN in slow motion". Swissinfo. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
^Lassa Oppenheim, Ronald Roxburgh (2005). International Law, The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-58477-609-3. p. 173
^The Parliamentary Debates from the Year 1803 to the Present Time, Volume 32 (1 February to 6 March 1816), Hansard, p. 308
^Shields, Michael; Koltrowitz, Silke (February 28, 2022). "Neutral Swiss adopt EU sanctions against Russia in break with past | Reuters". web.archive.org. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
^"Welcoming Remarks and Special Address – Davos – #WEF22". YouTube. 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
Swissneutrality is one of the main principles of Switzerland's foreign policy which dictates that Switzerland is not to be involved in armed conflicts...
During World War I and World War II, Switzerland maintained armed neutrality, and was not invaded by its neighbors, in part because of its topography...
recognize permanent Swissneutrality. At this time, Valais, Neuchâtel, and Geneva also joined Switzerland as new cantons, thereby extending Swiss territory to...
of Vienna fully re-established Swiss independence, and the European powers recognised permanent Swissneutrality. Swiss troops served foreign governments...
countries interpret their neutrality differently: some, such as Costa Rica have demilitarized, while Switzerland holds to "armed neutrality", to deter aggression...
Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory. The Swiss National...
that Germany would respect Swissneutrality in the event of a conflict in Europe. In February 1937, he assured the Swiss Federal Councillor Edmund Schulthess...
Austria–NATO relations Finlandization Irish neutrality Moldovan neutrality Swedish neutralitySwissneutrality Neutral and Non-Aligned European States Neutral...
Lombardy–Venetia. Recognition of Swissneutrality was left undecided, and on 20 May, after Napoleon's return from Elba the Swiss Tagsatzung gave in to allied...
re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise Swissneutrality. At this time, the territory of Switzerland was increased...
its neutrality was established by the Treaty of Paris in 1815. It is not a member of the European Union. Swiss cultural icons include Switzerland's quality...
Network neutrality, often referred to as net neutrality, is the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) must treat all Internet communications...
shield of our neutrality, our arm will be industry and finance." After a small scale civil war in the 1840s between the Swiss cantons, the Swiss Federation...
banking sector); this represents about 5.6% of the total Swiss workforce. Swissneutrality and national sovereignty, long recognized by foreign nations...
conflict Austrian neutrality Irish neutrality Swedish neutralitySwissneutrality Socor, Vladimir (11 August 2022). "Moldova's Bizarre Neutrality: No Obstacle...
§ History 1945 to present Moldovan neutrality Note Crisis Sadae Satellite state Soviet Empire Swedish neutralitySwissneutrality Neutral and Non-Aligned European...
comprising 41% of Swiss energy supplies. The Swiss military often opened fire on Axis bombers invading its airspace; Switzerland also shot down Allied...
Net neutrality is the principle that governments should mandate Internet service providers to treat all data on the Internet the same, and not discriminate...
Sweden had a policy of neutrality in armed conflicts from the early 19th century, until 2009, when it entered into various mutual defence treaties with...
League, a non-Swiss lobby group based in the United States has accused them of manipulating issues such as immigration, Swissneutrality, and welfare benefits...
initially difficult as Switzerland – owing to its neutrality – forbade Germany and Denmark to transfer their stocks of Swiss-made rounds, and refused...
were "unprecedented but consistent with Swissneutrality". The administration also confirmed that Switzerland would continue to offer its services to...
abbreviated to AUNS, is a political organisation in Switzerland that supports Swiss independence and neutrality. The AUNS was founded on June 19, 1986, formed...
wars, of other countries. Thus, isolationism fundamentally advocates neutrality and opposes entanglement in military alliances and mutual defense pacts...
Suisse Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a Swiss professional league in the top tier of the Swiss football league system and has been played in its...
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