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A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an event in which polar stratospheric temperatures rise by several tens of kelvins (up to increases of about 50 °C (90 °F)) over the course of a few days.[1] The warming is preceded by a slowing then reversal of the westerly winds in the stratospheric polar vortex. SSWs occur about six times per decade in the northern hemisphere,[2] and about once every 20-30 years in the southern hemisphere.[3][4] Only two southern SSWs have been observed.[5]
^"Sudden Stratospheric Warming". Met Office.
^Butler, Amy H.; Sjoberg, Jeremiah P.; Seidel, Dian J.; Rosenlof, Karen H. (9 February 2017). "A sudden stratospheric warming compendium". Earth System Science Data. 9 (1): 63–76. Bibcode:2017ESSD....9...63B. doi:10.5194/essd-9-63-2017.
^Wang, L; Hardiman, S C; Bett, P E; Comer, R E; Kent, C; Scaife, A A (2020-09-24). "What chance of a sudden stratospheric warming in the southern hemisphere?". Environmental Research Letters. 15 (10). IOP Publishing: 104038. Bibcode:2020ERL....15j4038W. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aba8c1. ISSN 1748-9326.
^Jucker, Martin; Reichler, Thomas; Waugh, Darryn (2021). "How frequent are Antarctic sudden stratospheric warmings in present and future climate?". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (11). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4893215J. doi:10.1029/2021GL093215. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_79028. S2CID 236260013.
^Shen, Xiaocen; Wang, Lin; Osprey, Scott (2020). "The Southern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warming of September 2019". Science Bulletin. 65 (21): 1800–1802. Bibcode:2020SciBu..65.1800S. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.028. PMID 36659119.
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