Salty subglacial lakes are controversially inferred from radar measurements to exist below the South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD) in Ultimi Scopuli of Mars' southern ice cap.[1][2][3] The idea of subglacial lakes due to basal melting at the polar ice caps on Mars was first hypothesized in the 1980s.[4][5][6] For liquid water to persist below the SPLD, researchers propose that perchlorate is dissolved in the water, which lowers the freezing temperature,[1][2] but other explanations such as saline ice or hydrous minerals have been offered. Challenges for explaining sufficiently warm conditions for liquid water to exist below the southern ice cap include low amounts of geothermal heating from the subsurface and overlying pressure from the ice.[7] As a result, it is disputed whether radar detections of bright reflectors were instead caused by other materials such as saline ice[8] or deposits of minerals such as clays.[8][9] While lakes with salt concentrations 20 times that of the ocean pose challenges for life,[10] potential subglacial lakes on Mars are of high interest for astrobiology because microbial ecosystems have been found in deep subglacial lakes on Earth, such as in Lake Whillans in Antarctica below 800 m of ice.[11][12][13][14][15]
^ abcOrosei, R.; Lauro, S. E.; Pettinelli, E.; Cicchetti, A.; Coradini, M.; Cosciotti, B.; Di Paolo, F.; Flamini, E.; Mattei, E.; Pajola, M.; Soldovieri, F. (2018-08-03). "Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars". Science. 361 (6401): 490–493. arXiv:2004.04587. Bibcode:2018Sci...361..490O. doi:10.1126/science.aar7268. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30045881. S2CID 206666385.
^ abLauro, Sebastian Emanuel; Pettinelli, Elena; Caprarelli, Graziella; Guallini, Luca; Rossi, Angelo Pio; Mattei, Elisabetta; Cosciotti, Barbara; Cicchetti, Andrea; Soldovieri, Francesco; Cartacci, Marco; Di Paolo, Federico (January 2021). "Multiple subglacial water bodies below the south pole of Mars unveiled by new MARSIS data". Nature Astronomy. 5 (1): 63–70. arXiv:2010.00870. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5...63L. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1200-6. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 222125007.
^"Liquid water spied deep below polar ice cap on Mars". www.science.org. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
^fischer (2018-07-27). "Evidence of Subsurface Martian Liquid Water Bolstered". Planetary Science Institute. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
^Witze, Alexandra (2018-07-25). "There's water on Mars! Signs of buried lake tantalize scientists". Nature. 560 (7716): 13–14. Bibcode:2018Natur.560...13W. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05795-6. PMID 30065323. S2CID 51887407.
^Clifford, Stephen M. (1987). "Polar basal melting on Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research. 92 (B9): 9135–9152. Bibcode:1987JGR....92.9135C. doi:10.1029/JB092iB09p09135. ISSN 0148-0227.
^Sori, Michael M.; Bramson, Ali M. (2019-02-16). "Water on Mars, With a Grain of Salt: Local Heat Anomalies Are Required for Basal Melting of Ice at the South Pole Today". Geophysical Research Letters. 46 (3): 1222–1231. Bibcode:2019GeoRL..46.1222S. doi:10.1029/2018GL080985. hdl:10150/633584. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 134166238.
^ abBierson, C. J.; Tulaczyk, S.; Courville, S. W.; Putzig, N. E. (2021-07-16). "Strong MARSIS Radar Reflections From the Base of Martian South Polar Cap May Be Due to Conductive Ice or Minerals". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (13). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4893880B. doi:10.1029/2021GL093880. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 237755186.
^Smith, I. B.; Lalich, D. E.; Rezza, C.; Horgan, B. H. N.; Whitten, J. L.; Nerozzi, S.; Holt, J. W. (August 2021). "A Solid Interpretation of Bright Radar Reflectors Under the Mars South Polar Ice". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (15). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4893618S. doi:10.1029/2021GL093618. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 237654444.
^O'Callaghan, Jonathan (2020-09-28). "Water on Mars: discovery of three buried lakes intrigues scientists". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02751-1. PMID 32989309. S2CID 222155190.
^"Microbes Discovered in Subglacial Antarctic Lake May Hint at Life in Space". Animals. 2014-08-20. Archived from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
^Magazine, Smithsonian; Thompson, Helen. "Thousands of Microbe Species Live in This Buried Antarctic Lake". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
^Christner, Brent C.; Priscu, John C.; Achberger, Amanda M.; Barbante, Carlo; Carter, Sasha P.; Christianson, Knut; Michaud, Alexander B.; Mikucki, Jill A.; Mitchell, Andrew C.; Skidmore, Mark L.; Vick-Majors, Trista J. (August 2014). "A microbial ecosystem beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet". Nature. 512 (7514): 310–313. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..310.. doi:10.1038/nature13667. hdl:2160/30202. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25143114. S2CID 4470332.
^Mikucki, J. A.; Lee, P. A.; Ghosh, D.; Purcell, A. M.; Mitchell, A. C.; Mankoff, K. D.; Fisher, A. T.; Tulaczyk, S.; Carter, S.; Siegfried, M. R.; Fricker, H. A. (2016-01-28). "Subglacial Lake Whillans microbial biogeochemistry: a synthesis of current knowledge". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 374 (2059): 20140290. Bibcode:2016RSPTA.37440290M. doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0290. hdl:2160/42715. PMID 26667908. S2CID 15307967.
^Siegert, Martin J.; Priscu, John C.; Alekhina, Irina A.; Wadham, Jemma L.; Lyons, W. Berry (2016-01-28). "Antarctic subglacial lake exploration: first results and future plans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 374 (2059): 20140466. Bibcode:2016RSPTA.37440466S. doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0466. PMC 4685969. PMID 26667917.
and 28 Related for: Subglacial lakes on Mars information
(SPLD) in Ultimi Scopuli of Mars' southern ice cap. The idea of subglaciallakes due to basal melting at the polar ice caps onMars was first hypothesized...
A subglaciallake is a lake that is found under a glacier, typically beneath an ice cap or ice sheet. Subglaciallakes form at the boundary between ice...
diameter. The existence of subglaciallakesonMars was hypothesised when modelling of Lake Vostok in Antarctica showed that this lake could have existed before...
understood. In July 2018, scientists reported the discovery of a subglaciallakeonMars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the southern polar ice cap, and extending...
based on MARSIS radar studies, of a three more subglaciallakesonMars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the southern polar ice cap. The size of the first lake found...
the ice. In 2018, Italian scientists reported the discovery of a subglaciallakeonMars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the surface of the southern polar layered...
fraction of the current water ice stores onMars. Another study found 210 open-basin lakes. These were lakes with both an inlet and an outlet; hence water...
halites (chlorides). Subglaciallakes such as Lake Vostok may give analogues of Mars habitats beneath ice sheets. Sub glacial lakes are kept liquid partly...
scientists reported the discovery, based on MARSIS radar studies, of a subglaciallakeonMars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the southern polar ice cap, and extending...
as Mars or Europa, an ice-covered moon of Jupiter. Scientists of the NASA Astrobiology Institute speculate that these worlds could contain subglacial liquid...
A subglacial volcano, also known as a glaciovolcano, is a volcanic form produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a glacier...
region. Glacial lakes include proglacial lakes, subglaciallakes, finger lakes, and epishelf lakes. Epishelf lakes are highly stratified lakes in which a layer...
scientists from the Italian Space Agency reported the detection of a subglaciallakeonMars, 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) below the southern polar ice cap, and...
even on the planet Mars. Volcanoes known to have subglacial activity include: Mauna Kea in tropical Hawaii. There is evidence of past subglacial eruptive...
under the glacial surface can have a large effect on the motion of the glacier itself. Subglaciallakes contain significant amounts of water, which can...
station Lake Vostok, a subglaciallake located beneath Vostok Station Vostok Subglacial Highlands, an east extension of Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains...
types of volcanic landforms, including cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, subglacial volcanoes, shield volcanoes, lava domes and lava fields. The 1,000-square-kilometre...
(May 2019). Investing the Mineralogy and Morphology of Subglacial Volcanoes on Earth and Mars. Dissertation (PDF) (Thesis). Department of Earth, Atmospheric...
Howard Doran Some of the lakes of the Dry Valleys rank among the world's most saline lakes, with a higher salinity than Lake Assal or the Dead Sea. The...
22 Italian scientists reported in July 2018 the discovery of a subglaciallakeonMars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the southern polar ice cap, and extending...
referred to as supraglacial, englacial, subglacial, lateral (or ice-marginal) or proglacial. Different forms of subglacial channel are described in glaciological...
25 July Scientists report the discovery, based on MARSIS radar studies, of a subglaciallakeonMars, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the southern polar ice cap...
Pajola, M.; Soldovieri, F. (2018-08-03). "Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water onMars". Science. 361 (6401): 490–493. arXiv:2004.04587. Bibcode:2018Sci...
Morse, David L. (March 2007). "Radar-based subglaciallake classification in Antarctica: ANTARCTIC SUBGLACIALLAKES". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems...
subglaciallakes in Antarctica Extra Terrestrial applications In 10–15 years: On the polar caps of Mars In 20–30 years: On Jupiter's moon Europa, on Saturn's...