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A studio system is a method of filmmaking wherein the production and distribution of films is dominated by a small number of large movie studios. It is most often used in reference to Hollywood motion picture studios during the early years of the Golden Age of Hollywood from 1927 (the introduction of sound motion pictures) to 1948 (the beginning of the demise of the studio system), wherein studios produced films primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under often long-term contract, and dominated exhibition through vertical integration, i.e., the ownership or effective control of distributors and exhibition, guaranteeing additional sales of films through manipulative booking techniques such as block booking.
During the so-called Golden Age, eight companies constituted the major studios that promulgated the Hollywood studio system. Of these eight, five were fully integrated conglomerates known as the original Big Five, combining ownership of a production studio, distribution division, and substantial theater chain, and contracting with performers and filmmaking personnel: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (owned by Loews Incorporated, owner of America's largest theater chain), Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros., 20th Century-Fox (later renamed 20th Century Studios after its Disney acquisition brought back the Big Five for the first time since then), and RKO Radio Pictures. Also at this time, two of the Little Three major-minors (Columbia Pictures and Universal Pictures) were similarly organized, though without more than small theater circuits, and the third (United Artists) owned a small number of theaters and had access to two production facilities owned by members of its controlling partnership group, but it functioned primarily as a backer-distributor, financing independent productions and releasing their films.
The studio system was challenged under the antitrust laws in a 1948 Supreme Court ruling which sought to separate production from the distribution and exhibition and ended such practices, thereby hastening the end of the studio system. By 1954, with television competing for audience and the last of the operational links between a major production studio and theater chain broken, the historic era of the studio system was over.
A studiosystem is a method of filmmaking wherein the production and distribution of films is dominated by a small number of large movie studios. It is...
has based its production methods upon the studiosystem employed at its beginnings. Another type of studio, common for instance in Spain, would produce...
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. They may have their own privately owned...
feature film or short film that is produced outside the major film studiosystem in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment...
original on June 12, 2014. Schatz, Tom. "The StudioSystem and Conglomerate Hollywood" (PDF). The StudioSystem. Blackwell Publishing. Archived (PDF) from...
in both other editions. The AppId system is leveraged by the Visual Studio Shell in Visual Studio 2008. Visual Studio includes a code editor that supports...
Studio Ghibli, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社スタジオジブリ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Jiburi) is a Japanese animation studio based in Koganei, Tokyo. It has a...
The cinema of the United States, consisting mainly of major film studios (also known metonymously as Hollywood) along with some independent films, has...
of Paramount Global. It is the sixth-oldest film studio in the world, the second-oldest film studio in the United States (behind Universal Pictures),...
An animation studio is a company producing animated media. The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce, own the physical equipment for...
April 2017: the StudioSystem, a metal 3D printing system catered to engineers and small production runs, and the Production System, intended for manufacturers...
StudioSystem by Gracenote, formerly known as Baseline StudioSystems, is an American e-commerce company. It was founded in 1982 and licenses its commercial...
backlot: six maverick directors and how they conquered the Hollywood studiosystem. HarperCollins. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-06-054017-3. Archived from the original...
her career was a challenge to the "paternalistic structure" of the studiosystem. Lombard was particularly noted for the zaniness of her performances...
with the height of the studiosystem. This mode of production, with its reigning star system promoted by several key studios, had preceded sound by several...
Le Studio (later renamed Studio Morin Heights) was a residential recording studio in the Laurentian Mountains near the town of Morin-Heights, Quebec, Canada...
current project. To use the feature, Visual Studio Code must be linked to any supported version control system (Git, Apache Subversion, Perforce, etc.)....
major studiosystems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major film studio. Creative...
FL Studio (known as FruityLoops before 2003) is a digital audio workstation (DAW) developed by the Belgian company Image-Line. It features a graphical...
narrative often deviated from classical norms. After the demise of the studiosystem and the rise of television, the commercial success of films was diminished...
Agency". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 7, 2018. Scott, Andrea. "The StudioSystem". W Magazine. Retrieved August 7, 2018. Bryant, Adam (December 14, 2013)...
(also directed by Spielberg) as the three best films made within the studiosystem that comment upon the September 11 attacks. Film portal United States...
all linked in the same corporate entity, the central element of the Studiosystem era. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912...
merged PUBG Corporation into their internal studiosystem in December 2020, rebranding the team as PUBG Studios. On 9 November 2020, it was announced that...
the 1960s, the studiosystem in Hollywood declined, because many films were now being made on location in other countries, or using studio facilities abroad...
Pinnacle Studio is a video editing program originally developed by Pinnacle Systems as consumer-level software. Upon Pinnacle System's acquisition of...
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