Stucco decoration in Islamic architecture information
Decorative technique
Stucco decoration in Islamic architecture refers to carved or molded stucco and plaster. The terms "stucco" and "plaster" are used almost interchangeably in this context to denote most types of stucco or plaster decoration with slightly varying compositions.[1] This decoration was mainly used to cover walls and surfaces and the main motifs were those predominant in Islamic art: geometric, arabesque (or vegetal), and calligraphic, as well as three-dimensional muqarnas.[2][3][4] Plaster of gypsum composition was extremely important in Islamic architectural decoration as the relatively dry climate throughout much of the Islamic world made it easy to use this cheap and versatile material in a variety of spaces.[4]
Stucco decoration was already used in ancient times in the region of Iran and the Greco-Roman Mediterranean.[5] In Islamic architecture, stucco decoration appeared during the Umayyad period (late 7th–8th centuries) and underwent further innovations and generalization during the 9th century under the Abbasids in Iraq, at which point it spread further across the Islamic world and was incorporated into regional architectural styles.[2][6] Examples of historic carved stucco decoration are found in Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan, and India, among other areas.[7][4] It was commonly used in "Moorish" or western Islamic architecture in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) and parts of North Africa (the Maghreb), since at least the Taifa and Almoravid periods (11th–12th centuries).[2] In the Iberian Peninsula it reached a creative pinnacle in Moorish architecture during the Nasrid dynasty (1238–1492), who built the Alhambra.[8] Mudejar architecture also made broad use of such decoration.[9][10] The Spanish term yesería is sometimes used in the context of Islamic and Mudéjar architecture in Spain.[9][11]
^M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Stucco and plasterwork". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. p. 235. ISBN 9780195309911. General terms for a decorative art that, at its simplest, is a render of mortar designed to decorate a smooth wall or ceiling and, in its more sophisticated form, is a combination of high-relief, sculptural and surface decoration. The words stucco and plaster are used virtually interchangeably and, most flexibly, can be applied to mixtures of mud or clay; more precisely, however, stucco usually means a hard, slow-setting substance based on lime as opposed to quick-setting plaster based on gypsum.
^ abcCite error: The named reference :24 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Ornament and pattern". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–78. ISBN 9780195309911.
^ abcCite error: The named reference :245 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Petersen, Andrew (1996). "stucco". Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. pp. 267–268. ISBN 9781134613663.
^Petersen, Andrew (1996). Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. ISBN 9781134613663.
^Victoria and Albert Museum, Online Museum (2012-02-02). "Nasrid Plasterwork: Symbolism, Materials & Techniques". www.vam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
^ abNickson, Tom (2009). "The Locked-Up Garden: The Nature of Medieval Castile". In Cleaver, Laura; Gerry, Kathryn B.; Harris, Jim (eds.). Art & Nature: Studies in Medieval Art and Architecture. Courtauld Institute of Art. pp. 44–51. ISBN 978-1-907485-00-8.
^Borrás Gualís, Gonzalo M.; Lavado Paradinas, Pedro; Pleguezuelo Hernández, Alfonso; Pérez Higuera, María Teresa; Mogollón Cano-Cortés, María Pilar; Morales, Alfredo J.; López Guzman, Rafael; Sorroche Cuerva, Miguel Ángel; Stuyck Fernández Arche, Sandra (2018). Mudéjar Art. Islamic Aesthetics in Christian Art. Museum With No Frontiers, MWNF (Museum Ohne Grenzen). ISBN 978-3-902782-15-1.
^Boloix-Gallardo, Bárbara, ed. (2021). A Companion to Islamic Granada. Brill. p. 458. ISBN 978-90-04-42581-1.
and 28 Related for: Stucco decoration in Islamic architecture information
StuccodecorationinIslamicarchitecture refers to carved or molded stucco and plaster. The terms "stucco" and "plaster" are used almost interchangeably...
common inIslamicarchitecture generally and across Moorish architecture. These are found in carved stucco and wood decoration, and most notably in zellij...
Islamicarchitecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. It encompasses both secular and religious styles from the early...
a representation of an important Islamic figure according to many holy scriptures. The geometric designs inIslamic art are often built on combinations...
Abbasid architecture included the use of brick vaulting and stuccodecoration. Barrel vaulting, which had already been in use in Umayyad architecture and...
modern architecture and interior decorationin the Islamic world makes use of motifs and elements drawn from the heritage of Islamic art. Islamic culture...
common inIslamicarchitecture generally and across Moroccan architecture. These are found in carved stucco and wood decoration, and most notably in zellij...
Mughal architecture is the type of Indo-Islamicarchitecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing...
Islamic ornament is the use of decorative forms and patterns inIslamic art and Islamicarchitecture. Its elements can be broadly divided into the arabesque...
ceilings, exterior walls, and as a sculptural and artistic material inarchitecture. Stucco can be applied on construction materials such as metal, expanded...
Byzantine Empire, but introduced innovations indecoration and form. Under Umayyad patronage, Islamicarchitecture began to mature and acquire traditions of...
covered instuccodecoration before transitioning into wooden elements, including ornately-carved eaves. The arches of the ground-floor galleries in the courtyard...
residents featured decoration typical of Moroccan architecture and medieval Moorish architecture, including carved and painted wood, carved stucco, and zellij...
buildings were generally constructed in brick, with decoration created using brickwork, tiles, and carved stucco. After the 11th century the Seljuks of...
many architectural styles used in Egyptian buildings over the centuries, including Ancient Egyptian architecture, Greco-Roman architecture, Islamic architecture...
Eleventh Century: Investigations into StuccoDecoration". Muqarnas, an Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. 26. Leiden: Brill: 349–376. ISBN 978-90-04-17589-1...
Gothic architecture typical of Venice, originating in local building requirements, with some influence from Byzantine architecture, and some from Islamic architecture...
major Islamic kingdom in India was the Delhi Sultanate, which led to the development of Indo-Islamicarchitecture, combining Indian and Islamic features...
of "Moorish" or western Islamicarchitecture, establishing many of the forms and motifs that defined architectural styles in the region during the subsequent...
complex ornamental arcades, multifoil and mixtilinear arches, and stuccodecoration. In other cities, a number of important palaces or fortresses were begun...
Their architectural style was also distinguished by increasingly elaborate decoration, which began with pre-existing traditions like stucco and glass...
stucco. Stucco wall decorations appear at Bishapur, but better examples are preserved from Chal Tarkhan near Rayy (late Sassanid or early Islamicin date)...
in the Yıldız Palace. Art Nouveau decoration was applied to a wide variety of materials including stone, wood, stucco, and iron. Reflecting the continued...
intricately-sculpted stucco and tile decoration gives Nasrid architecture qualities that are described as ethereal and intimate. Walls were built mostly in rammed earth...
surrounded by stuccodecoration. A set of stairs leads into a vestibule and then directly into the main courtyard. The vestibule is covered in the same rich...
term by art historians to describe only elements of the decoration found in two phases: Islamic art from about the 9th century onwards, and European decorative...
fragments of architecturaldecoration which are now preserved at the Archeological Museum of Rabat. These fragments are made of deeply-carved stucco featuring...