This article is about the Presbyterian church practice. For the torture device, see Cucking stool. For the parlour game, see Stool of repentance (game).
Stool of repentance and branks, Holy Trinity Church, St. Andrews
The stool of repentance (Scottish Gaelic: furm an aithreachais, stòl an aithreachais),[1][2] in Presbyterian polity, mostly in Scotland, was an elevated seat in a church used for the public penance of persons who had offended against the morality of the time, often through fornication and adultery. At the end of the service the offender usually had to stand upon the stool to receive the rebuke of the minister. It was in use until the early 19th century.
Humiliation of sitting on the stool, being punished and publicly repenting sins drove some victims to suicide.[3] In the case of pregnant women of such parishes who had not conceived with their husbands, they would often elaborately conceal their pregnancy or attempt infanticide rather than face the congregation then Kirk Session.[3]
An alternative to, or commutation of, the stool of repentance was payment of buttock mail.[4]
A harp tune commemorates the tradition.[citation needed]
^"(46) - Blair Collection > T-eileanach - Early Gaelic Book Collections - National Library of Scotland". digital.nls.uk.
^Martin, Donald John (November 25, 1914). "Teagasg nan Cosamhlachdan". Edinburgh, Grant – via Internet Archive.
^ abTrevelyan, G. M. (1942). English Social History. Pelican Books. pp. 454–455.[ISBN missing]
^Smith, Sydney (1804). The Edinburgh review: or critical journal, Volume 3. A. Constable. p. 206.
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