This article is about the religion, doctrine and tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church. For the institution and history of the largest church associated with Eastern Orthodoxy, see Eastern Orthodox Church.
Not to be confused with Oriental Orthodox Churches.
For related subjects, see Orthodox (disambiguation).
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Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity,[1] is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.[2][3] Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "canonical") Eastern Orthodox Church is organised into autocephalous churches independent from each other. In the 21st century, the number of mainstream autocephalous churches is seventeen; there also exist autocephalous churches unrecognized by those mainstream ones. Autocephalous churches choose their own primate. Autocephalous churches can have jurisdiction (authority) over other churches, some of which have the status of "autonomous" which means they have more autonomy than simple eparchies.
Many of these jurisdictions correspond to the territories of one or more modern states; the Patriarchate of Moscow, for example, corresponds to Russia and some of the other post-Soviet states.[4] They can also include metropolises, bishoprics, parishes, monasteries, or outlying metochions corresponding to diasporas that can also be located outside the country where the primate resides (e.g., the case of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople whose canonical territory is located partly in northern Greece and the east); sometimes they overlap (the case of Moldova where the jurisdictions of the patriarchs of Bucharest and of Moscow overlap).
The spread of Eastern Orthodoxy began in the eastern area of the Mediterranean Basin within Byzantine Greek culture.[1] Its communities share an understanding, teaching and offices of great similarity, with a strong sense of seeing each other as parts of one Church. Every Eastern Orthodox Christian sees his or her year punctuated by the liturgical calendar of the church on which they depend. Eastern Orthodoxy holds that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and rejects the Filioque clause ("and the Son") added to the Nicene Creed by the Latin Church, on the grounds that no council was called for the addition.[5]
^ abHolt, Andrew (2012) [2011]. "Byzantine Christianity". The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc0212. ISBN 9780470670606. Byzantine Christianity originated in the Eastern Roman Empire where it evolved concurrently with the emerging Byzantine state. It was the dominant form of Eastern Christianity throughout the Middle Ages and during this period it developed a complex theological system with unique spiritual practices. Byzantine Christianity's fortunes were in many ways tied to the Byzantine state, because when the empire experienced expansion and heightened influence so did the faith. [...] Although the empire eventually fell under the weight of centuries of Islamic aggression, much of Byzantine Christianity has survived in the modern Eastern Orthodox churches.
^McAuliffe, Garrett (2008). Culturally Alert Counseling: A Comprehensive Introduction. SAGE Publishing. p. 532. ISBN 978-1-4129-1006-4. About one-third of the world's population is considered Christian and can be divided into three main branches: (1) Roman Catholicism (the largest coherent group, representing over one billion baptized members); (2) Orthodox Christianity (including Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy); and (3) Protestantism (comprising many denominations and schools of thought, including Anglicanism, Reformed, Presbyterianism, Lutheranism, Methodism, Evangelicalism, and Pentecostalism).
^Mirola, William; Monahan, Susanne C. (2016). Religion Matters: What Sociology Teaches Us About Religion In Our World. London and New York City: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-34451-3. Orthodox Churches represent one of the three major branches of Christianity, along with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.
^Richters, Katja. The Post-Soviet Russian Orthodox Church: Politics, Culture and Greater Russia (2014)
^Fr. Lawrence Farley (2012-07-11). "The Filioque Clause". Orthodox Church in America. Archived from the original on 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
EasternOrthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity...
council" by the Eastern Orthodox Church. Western Rite Orthodoxy exists both outside and inside EasternOrthodoxy. Within EasternOrthodoxy, it is practised...
Based on the numbers of adherents, the Eastern Orthodox Church (also known as EasternOrthodoxy) is the second largest Christian communion in the world...
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language and cultural barriers. EasternOrthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy are sometimes referred to simply as "Orthodoxy". In some English-speaking countries...
EasternOrthodoxy in Hungary (Hungarian: Keleti ortodoxia) refers to communities, institutions and organizations of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity...
(self-governing) hierarchical churches that profess EasternOrthodoxy and recognise each other as canonical (regular) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. Each constituent...
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EasternOrthodoxy arrived in the areas of Illyrii proprie dicti or Principality of Arbanon during the period of Byzantine Empire. Those areas fell under...
between the four Eastern Patriarchates and the Latin Church of Rome, culminating with the Great Schism in the 11th century, in which Orthodoxy and the Latin...
EasternOrthodoxy in Croatia refers to adherents, religious communities, institutions and organizations of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Croatia. It...
EasternOrthodoxy in Jordan refers to adherents, communities and institutions of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Jordan. Within ecclesiastical order of...
EasternOrthodoxy in the Philippines, also known collectively as the Philippine Orthodox Church, refers to the Eastern Orthodox presence in the Philippines...
Catholic Church in Moldova Wikimedia Commons has media related to EasternOrthodoxy in Moldova. U.S. Department of State. "Moldova 2015 International...
EasternOrthodoxy in Pakistan is a Christian denomination in the country of Pakistan. In 2011, the number of Eastern Orthodox Christians in Pakistan was...
EasternOrthodoxy in North America represents adherents, religious communities, institutions and organizations of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in North...
undefined (predominantly orthodox Macedonians as per registries). EasternOrthodoxy has had a long history in North Macedonia, and remains the majority...
as Christians. 72% identified themselves with EasternOrthodoxy, 9% to the Catholic Church (8% Eastern Catholic, 1% Latin Church) and 4% adherents of...
These communities were long extinct by the time the modern history of Orthodoxy started in Kazakhstan with the expansion of the Russian Empire into the...
EasternOrthodoxy in Korea consists of two Eastern Orthodox Churches and a religious organization, the canonical Korean Orthodox Church in South Korea...
EasternOrthodoxy is the major Christian denomination in Serbia, with 6,079,396 followers or 69.9% of the population, followed traditionally by the majority...
EasternOrthodoxy in Montenegro refers to adherents, religious communities, institutions and organizations of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Montenegro...
early 1990s, when Spain experienced an influx of migrant workers from Eastern Europe. The dominant nationality among Spanish Orthodox adherents is Romanian...
particularly hyperborean nomads like the Inuit. Orthodoxy would arrive in mainland Canada with immigrants from the eastern and southern Austro-Hungarian Empire and...
EasternOrthodoxy in Guatemala refers to adherents, communities and organizations of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Guatemala. Many of the Eastern Orthodox...
Caucasus, Africa and India, brought Oriental Orthodoxy to the South America. This ancient branch of Eastern Christianity includes several ecclesiastical...
and the Republic of Ireland) is Luis Mariano Montemayor. Members of the Eastern Catholic Churches in the United Kingdom are served by their own clergy...