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Steve Reich at the Holland Festival, c. June 1976
Stephen Michael Reich (/raɪʃ/RYSHE;[1][2] born October 3, 1936) is an American composer who is known for his contribution to the development of minimal music in the mid to late 1960s.[3][4][5] Reich's work is marked by its use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm, and canons. Reich describes this concept in his essay, "Music as a Gradual Process", by stating, "I am interested in perceptible processes. I want to be able to hear the process happening throughout the sounding music." For example, his early works experiment with phase shifting, in which one or more repeated phrases plays slower or faster than the others, causing it to go "out of phase." This creates new musical patterns in a perceptible flow.[6]
His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns, as on the early compositions It's Gonna Rain (1965) and Come Out (1966), and the use of simple, audible processes, as on Pendulum Music (1968) and Four Organs (1970). The 1978 recording Music for 18 Musicians would help entrench minimalism as a movement.[7] Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably Different Trains (1988).
Reich's style of composition has influenced many contemporary composers and groups, especially in the United States. Writing in The Guardian, music critic Andrew Clements suggested that Reich is one of "a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history".[8]
^"Say How? A Pronunciation Guide to Names of Public Figures". National Library Service. May 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
^"Composer Steve Reich on turning 80, writing live music and finding faith". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
^Mertens, W. (1983), American Minimal Music, Kahn & Averill, London, (p. 11).
^Michael Nyman, writing in the preface of Mertens' book refers to the style as "so called minimal music"[vague] (Mertens p. 8).
^"The term 'minimal music' is generally used to describe a style of music that developed in America in the late 1960s and 1970s; and that was initially connected with the composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass." Sitsky, L. (2002), Music of the Twentieth-century Avant-garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook,Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut. (p. 361)
^Colannino, Justin; Gómez, Francisco; Toussaint, Godfried T. (2009). "Analysis of Emergent Beat-Class Sets in Steve Reich's 'Clapping Music' and the Yoruba Bell Timeline". Perspectives of New Music. 47 (1): 111–134. ISSN 0031-6016. JSTOR 25652402.
^[Steve Reich: Music for 18 Musicians (1978) at AllMusic
^"Radio 3 Programmes – Composer of the Week, Steve Reich (b. 1936), Episode 1". BBC. October 25, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
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tradition, the American composers Moondog, La Monte Young, Terry Riley, SteveReich, and Philip Glass are credited with being among the first to develop...
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Stephen David Reicher FBA FRSE is Bishop Wardlaw Professor of Social Psychology at the University of St Andrews. His research is in the area of social...
at a time, rather than gradually. Phasing was popularized by composer SteveReich, who composed tape music where several copies of the same tape loop are...
included Vincent Persichetti and William Bergsma. Fellow students included SteveReich and Peter Schickele. In 1959, he was a winner in the BMI Foundation's...
Music for 18 Musicians is a work of minimalist music composed by SteveReich during 1974–1976. Its world premiere was on April 24, 1976, at The Town Hall...
— Music by SteveReich 1985: Aurora II — Music by SteveReich 1986: Echo — Music by SteveReich 1986: Bent Planes — Music by SteveReich 1988: The Unanswered...
three-movement piece for string quartet and tape written by SteveReich in 1988. During World War II, Reich made train journeys between New York and Los Angeles...
Piano Phase is a minimalist composition by American composer SteveReich, written in 1967 for two pianos (or piano and tape). It is one of his first attempts...
Transmigration of Souls SteveReich: Three Tales Paul Schoenfield: Camp Songs 2004: Paul Moravec, Tempest Fantasy SteveReich: Cello Counterpoint Peter...
composers SteveReich and Philip Glass. Reich's ensemble was formed in 1966. The original three members were Reich, Art Murphy and Jon Gibson. Reich sought...
impact on the public consciousness. The piece was first performed by SteveReich, Jon Gibson, Pauline Oliveros, Stuart Dempster, Morton Subotnick and...
Computer Age, 1952-82, amongst others. Two video/music collaborations with SteveReich (The Cave, 1993, and Three Tales, 2002) brought video installation art...
used as a serious musical instrument in the 1960s by composers such as SteveReich, in his piece titled Melodica (1966). Brazilian multi-instrumentalist...
"Electric Counterpoint III Fast" performed by Pat Metheny. Composed by SteveReich. Problems playing this file? See media help. "Little Fluffy Clouds" makes...
of musical events that are already relatively complex in themselves. SteveReich defines process music not as, "the process of composition but rather...
by SteveReich. Problems playing this file? See media help. Electric Counterpoint is a minimalist composition by the American composer SteveReich. The...
Edmund Finnis' Shades Lengthen on BBC Radio 3. She has collaborated with SteveReich, Laurie Spiegel, Suzanne Ciani, Terry Riley, Pauline Oliveros as well...
influenced composers of minimal music, in particular American composers SteveReich and Philip Glass. Due to an accident, Moondog was blind from the age...
Organs is a work for four electronic organs and maraca, composed by SteveReich in January 1970. The four organs harmonically expound a dominant eleventh...
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