Abraham information

Abraham
Abraham
אַבְרָהָם
	Abraham Casting out Hagar and Ishmael (1657); by Giovanni Francesco Barbieri
Born	Ur of the Chaldees, Mesopotamia
Died	Hebron, Canaan
Known for	Namesake of the Abrahamic religions: traditional founder of the Jewish nation, spiritual ancestor of Christians, major Islamic prophet, Manifestation of God and originator of monotheistic faith in Baháʼí Faith, third spokesman (natiq) prophet of Druzes
Spouse(s)	Sarah (his half-sister); Hagar (concubine from Egypt); Keturah (also concubine)
Children	Oldest to youngest: Ishmael (son, with Hagar) ; Isaac (son, with Sarah) ; Zimran (son, with Keturah) ; Jokshan (son, with Keturah) ; Medan (son, with Keturah) ; Midian (son, with Keturah) ; Ishbak (son, with Keturah) ; Shuah (son, with Keturah) ;
Parents	Terah (father); Amathlai, according to Talmud (mother);
Relatives	Closest to furthest: Haran (brother) ; Nahor (brother) ; Sarah (half-sister and wife) ; Jacob (grandson) ; Esau (grandson) ; Lot (nephew) ; Twelve Tribes of Israel (great-grandsons) ; Dinah (great-granddaughter) ; ... Abraham's family tree ;

Abraham^[a] (originally Abram)^[b] is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.^[7] In Judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the Jews and God; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish;^[c]^[8] and in Islam, he is a link in the chain of Islamic prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad.^[4]

The story of the life of Abraham as told in the narrative of the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible revolves around the themes of posterity and land. He is said to have been called by God to leave the house of his father Terah and settle in the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Abraham and his progeny. This promise is subsequently inherited by Isaac, Abraham's son, by his wife Sarah, while Isaac's half-brother Ishmael is also promised that he will be the founder of a great nation. Abraham purchases a tomb (the Cave of the Patriarchs) at Hebron to be Sarah's grave, thus establishing his right to the land; and, in the second generation, his heir Isaac is married to a woman from his own kin to earn his parents' approval. Abraham later marries Keturah and has six more sons; but, on his death, when he is buried beside Sarah, it is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" while the other sons receive only "gifts".^[9]

Most scholars view the patriarchal age, along with the Exodus and the period of the biblical judges, as a late literary construct that does not relate to any particular historical era,^[10] and after a century of exhaustive archaeological investigation, no evidence has been found for a historical Abraham.^[11] It is largely concluded that the Torah, the series of books that includes Genesis, was composed during the early Persian period, c. 500 BC, as a result of tensions between Jewish landowners who had stayed in Judah during the Babylonian captivity and traced their right to the land through their "father Abraham", and the returning exiles who based their counterclaim on Moses and the Exodus tradition of the Israelites.^[12]

^ Levenson 2012, p. 3.
^ Mendes-Flohr 2005.
^ Levenson 2012, p. 6.
^ ^a ^b Levenson 2012, p. 8.
^ Smith 2000, p. 22, 231.
^ Swayd 2009, p. 3.
^ McCarter 2000, p. 8.
^ Wright 2010, p. 72.
^ Ska 2009, pp. 26–31.
^ McNutt 1999, pp. 41–42.
^ Dever 2001, p. 98.
^ Ska 2006, pp. 227–228, 260.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTELevenson20123-1] Levenson 2012, p. 3.

[FOOTNOTEMendes-Flohr2005-2] Mendes-Flohr 2005.

[FOOTNOTELevenson20126-3] Levenson 2012, p. 6.

[FOOTNOTELevenson20128-4] Levenson 2012, p. 8.

[FOOTNOTESmith200022,_231-5] Smith 2000, p. 22, 231.

[FOOTNOTESwayd20093-6] Swayd 2009, p. 3.

[FOOTNOTEMcCarter20008-9] McCarter 2000, p. 8.

[FOOTNOTEWright201072-11] Wright 2010, p. 72.

[FOOTNOTESka200926–31-12] Ska 2009, pp. 26–31.

[FOOTNOTEMcNutt199941–42-13] McNutt 1999, pp. 41–42.

[FOOTNOTEDever200198-14] Dever 2001, p. 98.

[FOOTNOTESka2006227–228,_260-15] Ska 2006, pp. 227–228, 260.

Abraham information

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Abraham
אַבְרָהָם
Abraham Casting out Hagar and Ishmael (1657) by Giovanni Francesco Barbieri
Born	Ur of the Chaldees, Mesopotamia
Died	Hebron, Canaan
Known for	Namesake of the Abrahamic religions: traditional founder of the Jewish nation,^[1]^[2] spiritual ancestor of Christians,^[3] major Islamic prophet,^[4] Manifestation of God and originator of monotheistic faith in Baháʼí Faith,^[5] third spokesman (natiq) prophet of Druzes^[6]
Spouse(s)	Sarah (his half-sister) Hagar (concubine from Egypt) Keturah (also concubine)
Children	Oldest to youngest: Ishmael (son, with Hagar) Isaac (son, with Sarah) Zimran (son, with Keturah) Jokshan (son, with Keturah) Medan (son, with Keturah) Midian (son, with Keturah) Ishbak (son, with Keturah) Shuah (son, with Keturah)
Parents	Terah (father) Amathlai, according to Talmud (mother)
Relatives	Closest to furthest: Haran (brother) Nahor (brother) Sarah (half-sister and wife) Jacob (grandson) Esau (grandson) Lot (nephew) Twelve Tribes of Israel (great-grandsons) Dinah (great-granddaughter) ... Abraham's family tree