The Squamish people (Squamish: Skwxwú7meshlistenⓘ, historically transliterated as Sko-ko-mish) are an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast.[1] Archaeological evidence shows they have lived in the area for more than a thousand years.[2] In 2012, there was population of 3,893 band members registered with the Squamish Nation.[3] Their language is the Squamish language or Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim, considered a part of the Coast Salish languages,[4] and is categorized as nearly extinct with just 10 fluent speakers as of 2010.[5] The traditional territory is in the area now in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and covers Point Grey as the southern border. From here, it continues northward to Roberts Creek on the Sunshine Coast, up the Howe Sound. The northern part includes the Squamish, Cheakamus, Elaho and Mamquam rivers. Up the Cheakamus River it includes land past Whistler, British Columbia. The southern and eastern part of their territory includes Indian Arm, along Burrard Inlet, through False Creek then English Bay and Point Grey.[4][6]: 34 Today the Squamish people live mostly in seven communities, located in West Vancouver, North Vancouver, and within and nearby to the District of Squamish.
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Person
Sḵwx̱wú7mesh
People
Sḵwx̱wú7mesh
Language
Skwxwú7mesh sníchim
Country
Skwxwú7mesh-ulh Temíxw
The Squamish people’s history, culture, societal customs, and other knowledge was transmitted by oral tradition from generation to generation without a writing system. Today oral tradition continues to be a fundamental aspect of their traditional culture.[6]: 28–29 This continued until European contact and diseases in 1791, which caused drastic changes to the people and culture.[7] Charles Hill-Tout became the first European to document Squamish oral history in the early 1900s. Later, many anthropologists and linguists came to work with Squamish informants and elders to document Squamish culture and history. Although first recorded contact with Europeans happened with George Vancouver and José María Narváez in 1791–1792,[8] disease had devastated much of the population before in the 1770s.[9] For decades following, more diseases, including influenza, reduced the population significantly. Along with the influx of new foreigners, usurpation of their ancestral lands, and later policies of assimilation by the Canadian government, caused a significant shift in their culture, way of life, and society.
^Chouinard, Mike (March 31, 2016). "Bowl an inspiration for Squamish archaeologist". Squamish Chief. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abJacobs, Peter. Control in Sḵwx̱wú7mesh(PDF) (PhD thesis). University of British Columbia. p. VI.
^Report on the Status of B.C. First Nations Languages 2010 (PDF) (Report). First Peoples’ Heritage, Language and Culture Council. 2010. p. 23. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
^ abReimer, Rudy (Yumks). The Mountains and Rocks are Forever: Lithics and Landscapes of Skwxwú7mesh Uxwumixw. McMaster University (PhD thesis). McMaster University.
The Squamishpeople (Squamish: Skwxwú7mesh listen, historically transliterated as Sko-ko-mish) are an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast...
Squamish history is the series of past events, both passed on through oral tradition and recent history, of the Squamish (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh), a people indigenous...
Squamish (/ˈskwɔːmɪʃ/ SKWAW-mish; Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim, sníchim meaning "language") is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Squamishpeople of the Pacific...
The Squamish Nation is a First Nations government of the Squamishpeople. The Squamish Nation government includes an elected council and an administrative...
Canada Squamish River, a river in British Columbia, Canada, named after the SquamishpeopleSquamishpeople, a Northwest Coast indigenous people, in their...
as simply The Chief, or less commonly Squamish Chief), is a granitic dome located adjacent to the town of Squamish, British Columbia, Canada. It towers...
city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Kitsilano is named after Squamish chief August Jack Khatsahlano, and the neighbourhood is located in Vancouver's...
Garibaldi (known as Nch'ḵay̓, IPA: [n̩.ʧʼqɛˀj̰], to the indigenous Squamishpeople) is a dormant stratovolcano in the Garibaldi Ranges of the Pacific...
The Squamish River is a short but very large river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Its drainage basin is 3,328 square kilometres (1,285 sq mi)...
This is a list of Squamish villages. The Squamisn originally lived in the area around Howe Sound only, but were invited to Burrard Inlet by the Tsleil-waututh...
Narváez, as well as brief contact with the Vancouver expedition by the Squamishpeople in 1792. In 1808, Simon Fraser of the North West Company entered Coast...
Squamish culture is the customs, arts, music, lifestyle, food, painting and sculpture, moral systems and social institutions of the Squamish indigenous...
Snawk, Snawq, Sneawq, or Snawkw, is a village site of the Indigenous Squamishpeople, located near what is now known as the Kitsilano neighbourhood of Vancouver...
of the Fraser River, now part of North Vancouver. She was from the Squamishpeople on her mother's side while her father was of English descent. Her mother...
and the berry e'twan; speakers of Lower Chinook call it yunts. The Squamishpeople call the plant yetwánáy and the berries yetwán, the shoots are called...
after Chief Joe Capilano Sa7plek (Sahp-luk) who was the leader of the Squamishpeople (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh) from 1895 to 1910. Capilano University's degree programs...
for Bowen Island is Nex̱wlélex̱wm in the Squamish language of the Squamishpeople.: 235 The Squamishpeoples used and occupied the area around Howe Sound...
British Columbia, Canada's Stanley Park. A legend among the Indigenous Squamishpeople surrounds the rock. It is between 15 and 18 metres (49 and 59 ft) tall...
16, 1877 – June 5, 1971) was an Indigenous/Aboriginal chief of the Squamishpeople. He was born in the village of Xwayxway [citation needed] or Chaythoos...
The Squamish Five (sometimes referred to as the Vancouver Five) were a group of self-styled "urban guerrillas" active in Canada during the early 1980s...
privately owned recreational aerial tramway about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Squamish, British Columbia. On BC-99, it offers views over Howe Sound along with...
are called a squamish in certain areas, rooted in the direction of such winds coming down out of Howe Sound, home to the Squamishpeople, and in Alaska...
traditionally is part of the border line between the Squamish and Lil'wat nations. To the Squamishpeople, this mountain is known as T'ákt'akmúten tl'a Ín7inyáx̱a7en...
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