Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era information
International opposition to apartheid in South Africa
Campaigns
Academic boycott
Sporting boycott
Disinvestment
Constructive engagement
Free South Africa Movement
International anti-apartheid music
International sanctions
Instruments and legislation
1962 UN Resolution 1761
1973 Crime of Apartheid Convention
1977 Gleneagles Agreement
1977 Sullivan principles
1986 Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act
Organisations
Anti-Apartheid Movement
Artists United Against Apartheid
Commonwealth of Nations
Halt All Racist Tours
Organisation of African Unity
TransAfrica
UN Special Committee against Apartheid
Conferences
1964 Conference for Economic Sanctions
1978 World Conference against Racism
UN Security Council Resolutions
Resolution 134 (Sharpeville massacre)
Resolution 181 (voluntary arms embargo)
Resolution 191 (sanctions feasibility)
Resolution 282 (arms embargo strengthening)
Resolution 418 (mandatory arms embargo)
Resolution 435 (South-West Africa ceasefire)
Resolution 591 (arms embargo strengthening)
Other aspects
Elimination of Racism Day
"Biko" (song)
Activists
Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute
Equity television programming ban
Rugby union and apartheid
v
t
e
South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to oppose segregation in sport or apartheid in general, with the latter view prevailing in later decades.[1][2] While the National Party introduced apartheid in 1948, it added sport-specific restrictions from the late 1950s, on interracial sport within South Africa and international travel by nonwhite athletes. The international federations (IFs) governing various sports began to sanction South Africa, both in response to the new restrictions and in reflection of the broader anti-racism of national federations in newly independent postcolonial states. By the early 1970s, South African national teams were excluded from most Olympic sports, although South Africans competed in individual events in some, mainly professional, sports through the 1980s. Although from the mid-1970s the National Party relaxed the application of segregation provisions in relation to sport, this failed to alleviate the boycott, which continued until the end of apartheid.[3]
^Guelke 1986 p. 145
^
Booth, Douglas (2003). "Hitting Apartheid for Six? The Politics of the South African Sports Boycott". Journal of Contemporary History. 38 (3): 477–493. doi:10.1177/0022009403038003008. S2CID 145730533.
^Merrett, Christopher (21 December 2005). "Sport and apartheid". History Compass. 3 (1): **. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00165.x.
and 24 Related for: Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era information
SouthAfrica under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether...
system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in SouthAfrica and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was...
partners ofSouthAfrica opposed the call for sanctions and boycottedthe committee. Following the passage of this resolution, the UK-based Anti-Apartheid Movement...
to SouthAfrica'sapartheid policies, the international community adopted economic sanctions as condemnation and pressure. With Jamaica leading the impetus...
This is a list ofboycotts. Certain countries have declined to participate in international sporting events to protest the host nation's policies or actions...
in Johannesburg, SouthAfrica. It is generally recognised as being one ofthe few successful political campaigns oftheApartheidera, by writers and activists...
disapproval of their selection policies and apartheid in general. SouthAfrica subsequently became a world sporting pariah, and were excluded from the Olympics...
Theapartheid system in SouthAfrica was ended through a series of bilateral and multi-party negotiations between 1990 and 1993. The negotiations culminated...
into the race, as part of the international sporting boycottofSouthAfricaduringtheapartheidera. Cimons, Marlene (1985-04-16). Geoff Smith Wins Boston...
than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. SouthAfrican security forces duringthe latter part oftheapartheidera had a policy of destabilising...
TheAfrican National Congress (ANC) has been the governing party ofthe Republic ofSouthAfrica since 1994. The ANC was founded on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein...
to apartheid and has governed the country since 1994, when the first post-apartheid election resulted in Nelson Mandela being elected as President of South...
because of the sportingboycott that apartheid brought against them. SouthAfrica's introduction to the event was as hosts. They defeated the defending Champions...
began boycottingSouthAfricansporting events because of a state of emergency declared by theSouthAfrican government in July of that year because of a...
The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a grassroots anti-apartheid activist movement that emerged in SouthAfrica in the mid-1960s out ofthe political...