Spirit possession information

Paranormal
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Anthropology of religion
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Related articles The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life Purity and Danger Myth and ritual Archaeology of religion and ritual Poles in mythology Lived religion Elite religion
Major theorists Augustin Calmet Akbar S. Ahmed Talal Asad Joseph Campbell Mary Douglas Émile Durkheim Arnold van Gennep E. E. Evans-Pritchard James Frazer Clifford Geertz Robin Horton Claude Lévi-Strauss Robert Marett Roy Rappaport Saba Mahmood Marshall Sahlins Melford Spiro Stanley Tambiah Victor Turner Edward Burnett Tylor Daniel Martin Varisco Anthony F. C. Wallace
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Social and cultural anthropology
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Spirit possession is an unusual or an altered state of consciousness and associated behaviors which are purportedly caused by the control of a human body and its functions by spirits, ghosts, demons, angels, or gods.^[1] The concept of spirit possession exists in many cultures and religions, including Buddhism, Christianity,^[2]^{[unreliable source?]} Haitian Vodou, Dominican 21 Divisions, Hinduism, Islam, Wicca, and Southeast Asian, African, and Native American traditions. Depending on the cultural context in which it is found, possession may be considered voluntary or involuntary and may be considered to have beneficial or detrimental effects on the host.^[3] Spirit possession is often regarded as a reason in support of spirits, deities or demons. ^[4] In a 1969 study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, spirit possession beliefs were found to exist in 74% of a sample of 488 societies in all parts of the world, with the highest numbers of believing societies in Pacific cultures and the lowest incidence among Native Americans of both North and South America.^[1]^[5] As Pentecostal and Charismatic Christian churches move into both African and Oceanic areas, a merger of belief can take place, with demons becoming representative of the "old" indigenous religions, which the Christian ministers attempt to exorcise.^[6]

^ ^a ^b Jones (2005), p. 8687.
^ Mark 5:9, Luke 8:30
^ Santiago, Christopher (Autumn 2021). Costa, Luiz; Ferme, Marianne; Kaur, Raminder; Kipnis, Andrew B. (eds.). "Twilight states: Comparing case studies of hysteria and spirit possession". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. 11 (2). University of Chicago Press: 635–659. doi:10.1086/715812. ISSN 2049-1115.
^ Van Eyghen, Hans (2023). The Epistemology of Spirit Beliefs. Routledge. ISBN 9781003281139.
^ Bourguignon & Ucko (1969).
^ Robbins (2004a), pp. 117–143.

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